The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome.
The influence of a short-term gluten-free diet on the human gut microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13073-016-0295-y
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发表时间：
2016-04-21
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Zhernakova A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonder MJ;Tigchelaar EF;Cai X;Trynka G;Cenit MC;Hrdlickova B;Zhong H;Vatanen T;Gevers D;Wijmenga C;Wang Y;Zhernakova A
无麸质饮食（GFD）是世界上最常用的特殊饮食。它是一种有效的治疗腹腔疾病，也经常被个人遵循，以减轻胃肠道的投诉。众所周知，饮食和肠道微生物组之间存在重要联系，但在很大程度上尚不清楚转向GFD如何影响人类肠道微生物组。我们研究了21名健康志愿者的肠道微生物组的变化，这些志愿者遵循GFD四周。我们从每位参与者身上收集了9份粪便样本：1份在基线时，4份在GFD期间，4份在他们恢复习惯饮食（HD）时，总共189份样本。我们使用16 S rRNA测序确定微生物组谱，然后处理样品以进行分类和估算功能组成。此外，在所有189个样本中，测量了6种与肠道健康相关的生物标志物。在这种短期GFD干预期间，肠道微生物群的个体间差异保持稳定。在GFD期间观察到许多分类群特异性差异：最显著的变化见于韦荣氏球菌科（梭菌纲），在干预期间显著减少（p = 2.81 × 10−05）。其他七个类群也表现出显着的变化，其中大多数是已知的淀粉代谢中发挥作用。我们看到通路活动的差异更大：21个预测的通路活动评分显示与饮食变化显著相关。我们观察到的预测活动的途径和生物标志物测量之间的强关系。GFD改变肠道微生物组组成并改变微生物途径的活性。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s13073-016-0295-y）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the most commonly adopted special diet worldwide. It is an effective treatment for coeliac disease and is also often followed by individuals to alleviate gastrointestinal complaints. It is known there is an important link between diet and the gut microbiome, but it is largely unknown how a switch to a GFD affects the human gut microbiome. We studied changes in the gut microbiomes of 21 healthy volunteers who followed a GFD for four weeks. We collected nine stool samples from each participant: one at baseline, four during the GFD period, and four when they returned to their habitual diet (HD), making a total of 189 samples. We determined microbiome profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and then processed the samples for taxonomic and imputed functional composition. Additionally, in all 189 samples, six gut health-related biomarkers were measured. Inter-individual variation in the gut microbiota remained stable during this short-term GFD intervention. A number of taxon-specific differences were seen during the GFD: the most striking shift was seen for the family Veillonellaceae (class Clostridia), which was significantly reduced during the intervention (p = 2.81 × 10−05). Seven other taxa also showed significant changes; the majority of them are known to play a role in starch metabolism. We saw stronger differences in pathway activities: 21 predicted pathway activity scores showed significant association to the change in diet. We observed strong relations between the predicted activity of pathways and biomarker measurements. A GFD changes the gut microbiome composition and alters the activity of microbial pathways. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0295-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.