Canine and feline diabetes mellitus: nature or nurture?
Canine and feline diabetes mellitus: nature or nurture?
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/134.8.2072s
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lederer, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rand, JS;Fleeman, LM;Lederer, R
有证据表明遗传和环境因素在猫和狗的糖尿病中起作用。2型糖尿病是猫中最常见的糖尿病。遗传因素导致猫患糖尿病的证据包括缅甸猫患糖尿病的比例过高。家猫或缅甸猫的环境风险因素包括年龄增大、肥胖、雄性、绝育、药物治疗、缺乏运动和室内禁闭。高碳水化合物饮食会增加血糖和胰岛素水平，可能使猫易患肥胖和糖尿病。低碳水化合物，高蛋白的饮食可能有助于预防猫患糖尿病的风险，如肥胖的猫或瘦猫潜在的低胰岛素敏感性。有证据表明犬糖尿病的发病机制与遗传基础和免疫反应的改变有关。季节对诊断发病率的影响表明环境对疾病进展有影响。根据目前p细胞免疫破坏的证据，至少50%的糖尿病狗患有1型糖尿病。流行病学因素与成人型1型糖尿病的潜伏性自身免疫性糖尿病密切相关。可能由慢性胰腺炎引起的广泛胰腺损伤导致了28%的犬类糖尿病病例。环境因素，如高脂肪饮食的喂养，可能与胰腺炎有关，并可能在糖尿病犬胰腺炎的发展中发挥作用。没有公开的数据表明狗会患明显的2型糖尿病，也没有数据表明肥胖是狗患糖尿病的一个危险因素。母狗在妊娠期或妊娠期诊断出的糖尿病与人类妊娠期糖尿病相当。
There is evidence for the role of genetic and environmental factors in feline and canine diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in cats. Evidence for genetic factors in feline diabetes includes the overrepresentation of Burmese cats with diabetes. Environmental risk factors in domestic or Burmese cats include advancing age, obesity, male gender, neutering, drug treatment, physical inactivity, and indoor confinement. High-carbohydrate diets increase blood glucose and insulin levels and may predispose cats to obesity and diabetes. Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets may help prevent diabetes in cats at risk such as obese cats or lean cats with underlying low insulin sensitivity. Evidence exists for a genetic basis and altered immune response in the pathogenesis of canine diabetes. Seasonal effects on the incidence of diagnosis indicate that there are environmental influences on disease progression. At least 50% of diabetic dogs have type 1 diabetes based on present evidence of immune destruction of P-cells. Epidemiological factors closely match those of the latent autoimmune diabetes of adults form of human type 1 diabetes. Extensive pancreatic damage, likely from chronic pancreatitis, causes similar to28% of canine diabetes cases. Environmental factors such as feeding of high-fat diets are potentially associated with pancreatitis and likely play a role in the development of pancreatitis in diabetic dogs. There are no published data showing that overt type 2 diabetes occurs in dogs or that obesity is a risk factor for canine diabetes. Diabetes diagnosed in a bitch during either pregnancy or diestrus is comparable to human gestational diabetes.