Chemical compartmentalisation by membranes: from biological mechanism to biomimetic applications.
Chemical compartmentalisation by membranes: from biological mechanism to biomimetic applications.
复制标题
膜的化学区室化：从生物机制到仿生应用。
DOI：
10.1039/c5cp90089a
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Beales PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beales PA
生物细胞通过在空间上将各个途径限制在不同的隔室中来维持其复杂的化学反应网络。这些隔室由高度动态的磷脂膜界定，其调节货物的双向运输和分选。自然界已经开发出膜，不仅作为分离材料的被动屏障，而且还为它们配备了选择性通道，允许复杂的分子移位和信号传导，以及重塑膜以产生用于材料运输的纳米血管的机器。物理科学家已经开发出在体外重建这些功能界面和隔室的方法，无论它们是由天然脂质组成的膜，还是由嵌段共聚物或聚电解质构成的仿生自组装膜。这些模型系统有助于更好地了解膜相互作用和过程，但也为药物输送、纳米反应器和生物传感器等领域新的仿生化学技术的开发带来了巨大的希望。最终，最大的挑战是设计功能模型膜系统，以实现创造真正的人工细胞。近年来，膜封装系统的自下而上组装已经取得了很大的进步，其复杂性和功能性不断增加。这个主题为“膜的化学分隔：从生物功能到仿生应用”的主题问题提出了一系列研究和观点，以了解，模仿和利用体外模型系统的生物分隔，其中生物物理理解和生物膜工程对实现膜结合区室的潜在应用具有同等意义。区室化有不同的风格，无论是生物或合成机器塑造膜，还是合成重建的膜本身，例如用于胶囊化材料的控释。在这个问题上，我们回顾了生物物理学文献蛋白质介导的膜重塑过程，如裂变，融合和突起，在重组脂质膜模型（DOI：10.1039/C5 CP 00480 B），并提出我们的观点，这些蛋白质诱导的变形和拓扑转变可能会被应用于合成模型细胞的生成。我们的审查旨在激发进一步的努力，在设计的生物启发的工具，可以雕刻膜
Biological cells maintain their complex network of chemical reactions by spatially confining individual pathways into distinct compartments. These compartments are delimited by highly dynamic phospholipid membranes, which regulate the bidirectional transport and sorting of cargo. Nature has developed membranes not merely as passive barriers for segregation of materials but it has equipped them with selective channels that allow sophisticated molecular translocation and signalling, and machineries that remodel the membrane to generate nanovessels for materials’ transport. Physical scientists have developed methods to reconstitute some of these functional interfaces and compartments in vitro, whether they are membranes composed of natural lipids, or biomimetic selfassembled membranes constructed from block copolymers or polyelectrolytes. These model systems facilitate greater understanding of membrane interactions and processes, but also hold great promise for the development of new biomimetic chemical technologies in areas such as drug delivery, nanoreactors and biosensors.Ultimately, the greatest challenge is to engineer functional model membrane systems to enable the creation of a truly artificial cell. In recent years, great strides have been made in the bottom-up assembly of membrane-encapsulated systems with increasing complexity and functionality. This topical themed issue on ‘‘Chemical compartmentalisation by membranes: from biological function to biomimetic application’’presents a collection of research and perspectives into understanding, mimicking and harnessing biological compartmentalisation using in vitro model systems, where biophysical understanding and biomembrane engineering hold equal significance for realisation of the potential applications of membrane-bound compartments. Compartmentalisation comes in different flavours, whether it is biological or synthetic machineries shaping the membrane, or the membranes themselves that are recreated synthetically, for example for the controlled-release of encapsulated materials. In this issue, we review the biophysical literature on protein-mediated membrane remodelling processes, such as fission, fusion and protrusion, in reconstituted lipid membrane models (DOI: 10.1039/C5CP00480B) and present our perspective on how these protein-induced deformations and topological transitions might be applied in the generation of synthetic model cells. Our review aims to inspire further efforts in the design of bioinspired tools that can sculpt membranes