THE GROWTH OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES BY REPEATED EARTHQUAKES .1. CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK
THE GROWTH OF GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES BY REPEATED EARTHQUAKES .1. CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK
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DOI：
10.1029/jb093ib11p13307
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发表时间：
1988-11-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
RUNDLE, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KING, GCP;STEIN, RS;RUNDLE, JB
在许多地方，具有类似特征的地震已被证明是重复发生的。如果这是常见的，那么与单个地震周期相关的相对较小的变形应该随着时间的推移而积累，以形成地质结构。按照这种模式，我们表明，现有的模型开发来描述与地震周期相关的水准线的变化，可以适用于解释地质特征与故障。在这些模型中，包含断层的弹性层覆盖在具有不同密度的粘性半空间上。与地震相关的断层运动导致立即变形，随后是长时间的重新调整，因为粘性层中的应力松弛，均衡平衡恢复。变形也是由于沉积物沉积和侵蚀引起的加载和卸载的结果。在本文中，控制倾滑结构的增长的参数被识别。我们发现，地壳的抗弯刚度（或表观弹性厚度）提供了结构的宽度的主要控制。沉积物的冲淤作用决定了断层两侧的升降比。在这方面，由于沉积物负荷引起的挠曲比断层的性质是正断层还是逆断层重要得多。我们发现，在一般情况下，真实的结构与表观弹性厚度为4公里或更少，因此具有非常低的弯曲刚度。
In many places, earthquakes with similar characteristics have been shown to recur. If this is common, then relatively small deformations associated with individual earthquake cycles should accumulate over time to create geological structures. Following this paradigm, we show that existing models developed to describe leveling line changes associated with the seismic cycle can be adapted to explain geological features associated with a fault. In these models an elastic layer containing the fault overlies a viscous half‐space with a different density. Fault motion associated with an earthquake results in immediate deformation followed by a long period of readjustment as stresses relax in the viscous layer and isostatic equilibrium is restored. Deformation is also caused as a result of the loading and unloading due to sediment deposition and erosion. In this paper, the parameters that control the growth of dip‐slip structures are identified. We find that the flexural rigidity of the crust (or the apparent elastic thickness) provides the main control of the width of a structure. The loading due to erosion and deposition of sediment determines the ratio of uplift to subsidence between the two sides of the fault. The flexure due to sediment load is much more important in this respect than whether the fault is normal or reverse in character. We find that, in general, real structures are associated with apparent elastic thicknesses of 4 km or less and thus with very low flexural rigidities.