Approaches to vaccination against Theileria parva and Theileria annulata.
Approaches to vaccination against Theileria parva and Theileria annulata.
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DOI：
10.1111/pim.12388
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发表时间：
2016-12
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Morrison WI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nene V;Morrison WI
尽管具有不同的细胞嗜性，但由小泰勒虫和环形泰勒虫引起的疾病的发病机制和免疫生物学非常相似。这两种寄生虫的活疫苗已经有40多年的历史了，尽管它们提供了强大的保护，但实际上的缺点限制了它们的广泛应用。使用确定的寄生虫抗原开发替代疫苗的努力集中在寄生虫的子孢子和细胞内寄生虫阶段。在每种情况下，使用表达小锥虫寄生虫抗原以及掺入佐剂中的小锥虫和环形锥虫子孢子抗原的病毒载体的实验性疫苗接种研究已经证明了在一定比例的接种动物中对寄生虫攻击的保护。目前的工作是研究替代抗原传递系统，试图提高保护水平。小刺蛾和环状刺蛾的基因组结构和蛋白质编码能力非常相似。这两个物种的主要子孢子表面抗原和大多数的子孢子抗原都是由正向同源基因编码的。前者已被证明可诱导物种交叉反应性中和抗体，并且对抗原直系同源物的比较已证明其中一些显示出高水平的序列保守性。因此，针对一种寄生虫的亚单位疫苗的开发进展可能很容易适用于另一种寄生虫。
Despite having different cell tropism, the pathogenesis and immunobiology of the diseases caused by Theileria parva and Theileria annulata are remarkably similar. Live vaccines have been available for both parasites for over 40 years, but although they provide strong protection, practical disadvantages have limited their widespread application. Efforts to develop alternative vaccines using defined parasite antigens have focused on the sporozoite and intracellular schizont stages of the parasites. Experimental vaccination studies using viral vectors expressing T. parva schizont antigens and T. parva and T. annulata sporozoite antigens incorporated in adjuvant have, in each case, demonstrated protection against parasite challenge in a proportion of vaccinated animals. Current work is investigating alternative antigen delivery systems in an attempt to improve the levels of protection. The genome architecture and protein‐coding capacity of T. parva and T. annulata are remarkably similar. The major sporozoite surface antigen in both species and most of the schizont antigens are encoded by orthologous genes. The former have been shown to induce species cross‐reactive neutralizing antibodies, and comparison of the schizont antigen orthologues has demonstrated that some of them display high levels of sequence conservation. Hence, advances in development of subunit vaccines against one parasite species are likely to be readily applicable to the other.