Hunting, food subsidies, and mesopredator release: the dynamics of crop-raiding baboons in a managed landscape.
Hunting, food subsidies, and mesopredator release: the dynamics of crop-raiding baboons in a managed landscape.
复制标题
狩猎、粮食补贴和中捕食者释放：受管理景观中狒狒掠夺农作物的动态。
作者：
Rachel A. Taylor;S. Ryan;J. Brashares;L. Johnson
建立保护区或公园已成为保护野生动物的重要手段。然而，在这些公园的边缘经常发生的人与野生动物的冲突可能会破坏他们的保护目标。许多非洲保护区经历了顶级掠食者的同时下降，狒狒丰度和居住在公园边界附近的人类密度增加。狒狒然后采取远足公园以外的掠夺粮食作物，与人类人口的冲突。我们模拟了公园中的中捕食者（狒狒），顶级捕食者和共享猎物的相互作用，以分析四个组成部分如何影响中捕食者选择作物袭击的时间比例：（1）顶级捕食者的存在;（2）作物的营养质量;（3）中捕食者“害羞”离开公园;（4）人类狩猎中捕食者。我们预测，在公园中的顶端捕食者的存在是最有效的方法控制中捕食者丰度，从而显着降低其对作物的影响。人类对中型捕食者的狩猎效果不太好，因为它只发生在农作物掠夺旅行期间。此外，使农作物不那么有吸引力，例如通过种植远离公园边界的农作物或种植营养较少的农作物，可以减少中食动物作物掠夺的时间。
The establishment of protected areas or parks has become an important tool for wildlife conservation. However, frequent occurrences of human-wildlife conflict at the edges of these parks can undermine their conservation goals. Many African protected areas have experienced concurrent declines of apex predators alongside increases in both baboon abundance and the density of humans living near the park boundary. Baboons then take excursions outside of the park to raid crops for food, conflicting with the human population. We model the interactions of mesopredators (baboons), apex predators, and shared prey in the park to analyze how four components affect the proportion of time that mesopredators choose to crop-raid: (1) the presence of apex predators; (2) nutritional quality of the crops; (3) mesopredator "shyness" about leaving the park; and (4) human hunting of mesopredators. We predict that the presence of apex predators in the park is the most effective method for controlling mesopredator abundance, and hence significantly reduces their impact on crops. Human hunting of mesopredators is less effective as it only occurs during crop-raiding excursions. Furthermore, making crops less attractive, for instance by planting crops further from the park boundary or farming less nutritional crops, can reduce the amount of time mesopredators crop-raid.