Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, galanin, and amines. Concepts of coexistence in relation to feeding behavior.
Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, galanin, and amines. Concepts of coexistence in relation to feeding behavior.
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下丘脑神经肽 Y、甘丙肽和胺。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb53245.x
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Leibowitz,SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leibowitz,SF
脑单胺对其食物摄入、膳食模式和特定食欲的影响进行了广泛的研究。然而，现在很明显，某些肽与大脑神经元中的单胺共存，3并且研究人员试图确定这些神经肽与经典神经递质及其受体之间相互作用的性质。肽可以直接通过其自身的肽能受体发挥作用，并且独立于单胺；它们也可能以依赖的方式起作用，或者在突触前通过调节单胺的释放，或者在突触后通过调节单胺能效应器反应或通过直接的受体-受体相互作用。这些可能性中的每一种都有证据，并且不同共存信使在总体效应器反应中的具体作用、相对重要性和相互作用模式似乎随着神经支配的几何形状和所研究的特定组织的受体特征而变化。本综述将重点关注两种肽，即神经肽 Y (NPY) 和甘丙肽 (GAL)，它们与单胺一样，被发现对摄入行为和内分泌过程具有显着影响。已知这些肽在下丘脑内的浓度特别高，在某些神经元中它们与经典的胺能神经递质共存。最近的研究结果4表明，这些下丘脑神经回路可能提供出色的模型系统，用于在局部大脑区域检查大脑中肽-胺相互作用的精确性质及其在控制摄入行为和相关内分泌和代谢过程中的生理功能。单胺被发现对大鼠以及各种其他物种的饮食行为具有有效且不同的影响^.'.^,^本综述将集中于在内侧下丘脑中确定的两个单胺能系统，即，a2-去甲肾上腺素能系统和血清素能系统，然后检查它们与神经系统的关系
Brain monoamines have been extensively studied with respect to their effects on food intake, meal patterns, and appetite for specific It is now evident, however, that certain peptides coexist with the monoamines in neurons of the brain, 3 and investigators have attempted to determine the nature of the interaction between these neuropeptides and the classical neurotransmitters, as well as their receptors. The peptides may act directly via their own peptidergic receptors and independently of the monoamines; they may also act in a dependent fashion, either presynaptically through modulating the release of the monoamines or postsynaptically through modulation of the monoaminergic effector response or through a direct receptor-receptor interaction. There is evidence for each of these possibilities, and the specific role, relative importance, and mode of interaction of the different coexisting messengers in the overall effector response appears to vary with the geometry of innervation and the receptor characteristics of the specific tissue under investigation. This review will focus on two peptides, namely, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL), which, like the monoamines, are found to have dramatic effects on ingestive behavior and endocrine processes. These peptides are known to have particularly high concentrations within the hypothalamus where they coexist, in certain neurons, with the classical aminergic neurotransmitters. Recent findings4 suggest that these hypothalamic neurocircuits may provide excellent model systems for examining, in localized brain areas, the precise nature of the peptide-amine interactions in the brain and their physiological function in controlling ingestive behavior and related endocrine and metabolic processes.The monoamines are found to have potent and varied effects on eating behavior, in the rat as well as in a variety of other specie^.'.^,^ This review will concentrate on two monoaminergic systems identified in the medial hypothalamus, namely, the a2-noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, and then examine their relation to the neu-