ost forest reversal discussion : Restructuring publ ic subsidy system for private forests under the differences of topographic conditions in Norway.
ost forest reversal discussion : Restructuring publ ic subsidy system for private forests under the differences of topographic conditions in Norway.
复制标题
森林逆转讨论：挪威地形条件差异下重构私有林公共补贴体系。
DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.07.002
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Sato N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shigematsu A;Sato N.
全球关注的焦点是如何利用木材资源，同时减少对森林产生的生态服务的影响，各国政府正在调整补贴制度，以实现有效的资源治理。我们研究了（1）高收入国家木材利用率随木材蓄积量增长的变化;（2）挪威木材蓄积量及其利用率的地区差异;（3）挪威在木材生产和森林保护之间平衡的要求下对林业的公共补贴分配制度。木材利用率在东部和中西部地区之间存在显著差异（P<0.01），但每公顷生长木材蓄积量没有显著差异（东部地区为127.7± 10.9m3 ha − 1，中西部地区为119.2± 21.1m3 ha − 1）。利用状况的差异与位于陡坡的可采伐森林面积的比例（r=-0.935，P<0.001）和林道密度（r=0.735，P<0.01）显著相关。政府根据各地区木材资源条件的差异，在各地区战略性地实施财政支持和法规。与大多数西方国家一样，挪威也面临着森林保护与森林生产之间的竞争，并于2003年终止了对森林的公共补贴。然而，由于挪威木材库存利用率的变化（-2.2%yr-1）是1990年至2005年期间高收入群体中的最低值之一，补贴被收回，并有针对性地刺激木材生产，以减轻环境退化。适当分配森林管理的奖励和惩罚措施对于实现发达国家木材资源的可持续利用至关重要，这可能会减轻通过贸易向发展中国家转移环境负担。
Global attention has focused on how to utilize wood resources with less impact on ecological services generated by forests, and governments are restructuring the subsidy system to achieve effective resource governance. We examined (1) the changes in wood utilization against growing wood stock among high-income countries; (2) regional differences in the Norwegian wood stock and its utilization and (3) the allocation system of public subsidies for forestry under the request of balance between wood production and conservation of forests in Norway. The utilization rate of wood differed significantly between the eastern and central-western regions of the country (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the growing wood stock per ha (127.7±10.9m3ha−1in the eastern region and 119.2±21.1m3ha−1in the central-western region). The difference in utilization status was significantly correlated with the share of harvestable forest areas located in steeper slopes (r=−0.935, P<0.001) and the forest road density (r=0.735, P<0.01). The government strategically implemented both financial support and regulations in each region on the basis of regional differences in wood resource conditions. As is the most of the western countries, Norway faced the competition between conservation and production of forests, and terminated public subsidy for forest in 2003. However, because a change in utilization of Norwegian wood stock (−2.2%yr−1) was one of the lowest values among the high-income group between 1990 and 2005, the subsidy was recovered and targeted to galvanize wood production with guidelines of mitigating environmental degradation. The proper allocation of both incentives and disincentives for forest management is pivotal to achieve the sustainable utilization of wood resources in developed countries, which might alleviate the transfer of environmental burden to developing nations through trade.