Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: An overview
Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: An overview
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-9343(97)89441-7
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bell, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell, David M.
医护人员（HCW）有职业性获得人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的风险，主要是由于经皮暴露于受感染的血液。截至1996年6月，向疾病控制和预防中心报告了51例记录在案的病例和108例可能的职业性获得艾滋病毒感染的病例。医务工作者接触血液的频率因职业、执行的程序和使用的预防措施而异。根据有限的数据，据估计，在美国，医院医护人员每年可能发生约500，000例经皮血液暴露。其中，约5 000例可能涉及接触已知感染艾滋病毒的血液。经皮暴露于HIV感染血液后，HIV传播的平均风险约为0.3%;然而，据信，血液体积增加和/或病毒载量高的暴露风险更高。
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk for occupational acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, primarily due to percutaneous exposure to infected blood. As of June 1996, 51 documented cases and 108 possible cases of occupationally acquired HIV infection in HCWs in the United States had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The frequency of blood exposure among HCWs varies according to occupation, procedures performed, and use of preventive measures. Based on limited data, it has been estimated that approximately 500,000 percutaneous blood exposures may occur annually among hospital-based HCWs in the United States. Of these, approximately 5,000 may involve exposures to blood that is known to be HIV infected. The average risk of HIV transmission after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is approximately 0.3%; however, the risk is believed to be higher for exposures involving an increased volume of blood and/or high viral load.