An overview of Southern Ocean zooplankton data: abundance, biomass, feeding and functional relationships
An overview of Southern Ocean zooplankton data: abundance, biomass, feeding and functional relationships
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
A. Atkinson;P. Ward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Atkinson;P. Ward
关于南大洋（SO）浮游动物有大量的数据，主要是关于它们的分布，少数涉及速率过程。本文旨在总结这些数据，并显示它的位置，以帮助SO食物网建模或那些有限的专业知识SO浮游动物。首先，简要概述了SO浮游动物的多样性和基本生物学，重点是丰度，分布和摄食。第二，就浮游动物数据作为SO数据汇编或食物网模型的投入的用途、优势和局限性提供咨询意见。桡足类总体上占SO浮游动物生物量的75%以上（不包括南极磷虾）。总的中型浮游动物生物量密度南极部门之间的差异不大，但纬度是最大的极地锋区和下降到北部和南部。汇编数量密度数据（m-2号或m-3号）的人需要考虑到早期幼虫阶段识别程度的差异。同样，一年中的时间，采样深度和采样器的网目尺寸极大地影响了记录的丰度，因为种群可以进行季节性的垂直迁移，它们的脉冲式繁殖导致大小结构和丰度的巨大季节变化。其他问题是特定于极地环境，例如，脂质储存，导致显着不同的长度-质量和质量率的关系比在全球文献汇编中报告。同样，狭温（窄温度公差）意味着在SO特定研究中必须非常谨慎地应用基于全球文献汇编的固定（Q10型）温度关系。原生动物/微型后生动物（<200 μm）是SO中的主要食草动物，因为中型浮游动物通常会带走<30%的初级生产力。这强调了微生物食物链的主导作用，涉及小型后生动物，相对于经典的短磷虾-鲸鱼型食物链。即使在磷虾丰富的地区，夏季桡足类的产量也大约是幼虾的三倍。superba。这一事实反映了大量的能量通过多个营养层次，通过桡足类和他们的主要无脊椎动物的捕食者，如其他捕食性桡足类，毛颚类，小型杂食性磷虾，端足类，直到myctophid鱼类和鸟类。
There is an enormous amount of data on Southern Ocean (SO) zooplankton, mostly on their distribution with a minority addressing rate processes. This review aims to summarise these data and show where it resides, to assist SO food-web modellers or those with limited specialist knowledge of SO zooplankton. First, a brief overview is provided of the diversity and basic biology of SO zooplankton, with an emphasis on abundance, distribution and feeding. Second, advice is provided on the uses, strengths and limitations of zooplankton data as inputs to SO data compilations or food-web models. Copepods overall comprise >75% of the SO zooplankton biomass (excluding Euphausia superba). Total mesozooplankton biomass density differs little between the Antarctic sectors, but latitudinally it is maximal in the Polar Frontal Zone and declines to the north and south. Those compiling data on numerical density (no. m –2 or no. m –3 ) need to allow for differences in the extent of identification of early larval stages. Likewise, the time of year, depth of sampling and mesh size of sampler greatly influence the recorded abundance, since the populations can make seasonal vertical migrations and their pulsed reproduction causes great seasonal changes in size structure and abundance. Other issues are specific to polar environments, for example, lipid storage which leads to significantly different length-mass and mass-rate relationships than are reported in global literature compilations. Likewise, stenothermy (narrow temperature tolerance) means that fixed (Q10-type) temperature relationships based on global literature compilations must be applied with great caution in SO-specific studies. Protozoa/micrometazoa (<200 μm) are the main grazers in the SO, since mesozooplankton typically remove <30% of primary production. This emphasises the dominant role of microbial food chains involving small metazoans, relative to the classic short diatom-krill-whale type food chains. Even within regions of abundant krill, copepod production in summer roughly triples that of postlarval E. superba. This fact reflects a large flow of energy through multiple trophic levels, via copepods and their major invertebrate predators such as other predatory copepods, chaetognaths, small omnivorous euphausiids, amphipods up to myctophid fish and birds.