Exposure to COVID-19 pandemic stress: Associations with depression and anxiety in emerging adults in the United States
Exposure to COVID-19 pandemic stress: Associations with depression and anxiety in emerging adults in the United States
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DOI：
10.1002/da.23109
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发表时间：
2020-11-10
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Pegg, Samantha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kujawa, Autumn;Green, Haley;Pegg, Samantha
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行引起的应激事件可能对心理健康产生深远影响，需要评估这些经历及其与精神病理学相关性的有效方法。我们开发了流行性压力问卷（PSQ），并测试了其心理测量学特性，描述了新兴成年人的经历，并检查了与内化症状的关联。方法新兴成年人（N = 450）于2020年5月通过在线平台完成了PSQ以及内化症状和感知压力的测量。一个月后，288名参与者完成了一个后续的问卷调查，以评估可靠性的PSQ和纵向协会之间的压力和内化symptoms.Results结果支持的有效性/可靠性的PSQ总分，并表示，压力事件是非常普遍的五月，特别是在年轻，女性和黑人新兴的成年人。抑郁和焦虑的症状总体上很高，但在随访评估时有所下降。在每次评估中，与流行病相关的压力与抑郁和焦虑中度相关，但基线压力在控制基线症状时并不能预测症状的变化。结论结果提供了经验证据，表明新出现的成年人患上与COVID-19大流行的心理社会影响相关的抑郁和焦虑的风险很高，并突出了与最大风险相关的特定类型的经历。此外，这项研究为一项关于COVID-19大流行相关经验的问卷调查提供了支持，该问卷调查可应用于未来的工作，以促进对应对压力事件的风险和弹性的理解。
Background Stressful events due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are likely to have profound effects on mental health, and validated methods for assessing these experiences and associations with psychopathology are needed. We developed the Pandemic Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and tested its psychometric properties, characterized experiences in emerging adults, and examined associations with internalizing symptoms.Methods Emerging adults (N = 450) completed the PSQ and measures of internalizing symptoms and perceived stress through an online platform in May 2020. One month later, 288 participants completed a follow-up questionnaire to assess reliability of the PSQ and longitudinal associations between stress and internalizing symptoms.Results Results supported the validity/reliability of PSQ total scores and indicated that stressful events were highly prevalent in May, particularly among younger, female, and Black emerging adults. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were high overall, but decreased at the follow-up assessment. Pandemic-related stress was moderately associated with both depression and anxiety at each assessment, but baseline stress did not predict change in symptoms when controlling for baseline symptoms.Conclusions Results provide empirical evidence that emerging adults are at high risk for depression and anxiety related to the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlight specific types of experiences associated with greatest risk. Further, this study provides support for a questionnaire measure of experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic that can be applied in future work to advance understanding of risk and resilience in response to stressful events.