The Interaction of Cancer and Host: Its Therapeutic Significance
The Interaction of Cancer and Host: Its Therapeutic Significance
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癌症与宿主的相互作用：其治疗意义
DOI：
10.1038/bjc.1982.55
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
P. Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Alexander
宿主在恶性肿瘤生长和扩散中的作用不仅仅是为肿瘤细胞提供氧气和营养。肿瘤是组织的自主新生长，独立于控制正常组织生长和平衡的任何因素的说法，并不适用于许多实验情况，而且显然对大多数人类肿瘤来说是站不住脚的，在这种情况下，诸如长时间潜伏后突然重新出现之类的现象为存在控制过程提供了诱人的线索。在宿主-肿瘤相互作用领域，临床医生为肿瘤生物学家提供了指导。伍德拉夫教授是为数不多的对临床和实验领域都有深刻理解和欣赏的人之一，他在这两个领域都做出了显著的贡献。因此，他是写一本关于癌症和宿主相互作用的书的理想人选，他贴切地将其描述为拮抗共生。他所写的专著是权威的、冷静的，但又令人振奋；这是一部学术著作，有大量的参考书目，这使它成为一本无价的参考著作。肿瘤生长所需的宿主功能是多种多样的；最重要的（在实体瘤的情况下）当然是提供血管，在许多情况下需要激素的供应，基质细胞交叉喂养的概念正在获得支持。抑制肿瘤的发展可以通过宿主的止血过程发挥作用，特别是在转移性扩散中。然而，最受关注的领域涉及免疫机制的控制，可分为两大类：一类是必须由特定抗原和所需细胞诱导的，另一类是Woodruff所说的“准免疫”，这是先天的和选择性的，但不是特异性的。虽然这本专著涉及癌症与宿主之间相互作用的所有方面，在实验动物和人类中，免疫学方面是中心部分。毫无疑问，对免疫的强调部分源于作者本人在这一领域的参与，但主要是因为这是过去20年来研究最活跃的宿主-肿瘤相互作用领域。简短的开篇一章，题为“方法”，阐述了人类研究的复杂性和选择有价值的实验模型的困难。接下来是对癌变的深思熟虑和批判性的回顾，其中关于通过稳态和免疫增强机制干扰癌变过程的部分应该由那些强调化学预防潜力的人来研究——80年代的“流行”话题！接下来的两章讨论肿瘤生物学的相关方面，强调转移是癌症的核心问题。他提请注意一些癌症的多焦点起源的证据，以及延伸的“场效应”的概念
The role of the host in the growth and disseonination of malignant tumours involves more than supplying the neoplastic cells with oxygen and nutrition. The statement that tumours are autonomous new growths of tissue, independent of any of the factors that control the growth and equilibrium of normal tissues, does not apply to many experimental situations, and is clearly untenable for most human tumours, where phenomena such as sudden re-appearance after long latency provide tantalizing clues to the existence of control processes. In the field of host-tumour interaction the clinicians have the leads for tumour biologists to follow. Professor Woodruff is one of the rare individuals who has a deep understanding and appreciation of the clinical as well as the experimental field, to both of which he has made signal contributions. He is, therefore, the ideal individual to write a book on the interaction of cancer and host, which he aptly describes as antagonistic symbiosis. The monograph he has produced is authoritative, sober but yet stimulating; it is a scholarly work with a mammoth bibliography that makes it an invaluable work of reference. The host functions necessary for tumour growth are various; the most essential (in the case of solid tumours) is, of course, to provide blood vessels, there are many instances where a supply of hormones is needed, and the concept of cross-feeding by stromal cells is gaining support. Restraint over tumour development can be exerted by the haemostatic processes of the host, especially in metastatic spread. However, the area which has attracted most attention involves control by immune mechanisms which can be divided into two broad categories: those which have to be induced by a specific antigen and requireT cells, and those which Woodruff refers to as" para-immuno-logical", which are innate and selective, but not specific. Though this monograph addresses itself to all aspects of interaction between cancer and the host, in both experimental animals and man, the immunological aspects are the centre-piece. In part, no doubt, the emphasis on immunity derives from the author's own involvement in this field, but mostly it is because this is the area of host-tumour interaction in which research has been most active in the last 20 years.The short opening chapter, entitled" Methods", addresses itself to the complexities of studies in man and to the difficulties of the choice of worthwhile experimental models. This is followed by a thoughtful and critical review on carcinogenesis, in which the section on interference with the carcinogenic process by homeostatic and immunopotentiating mechanisms should be studied by those who emphasize the potentialities of chemo-prevention-the" in" topic of the 80s! The next two chapters deal with relevant aspects of the biology of neoplasia, stressing that metastasis is the core problem of cancer. He draws attention to evidence for the multi-focal origin of some cancers and the concept of a" field effect" extending over