Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services
Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services
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DOI：
10.1038/s41558-019-0412-1
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
30.7
通讯作者：
Moore, Pippa J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Smale, Dan A.;Wernberg, Thomas;Moore, Pippa J.
在过去的一个世纪里，全球海洋已经大幅变暖，对海洋生态系统产生了深远的影响(1)。在长期持续变暖的同时，极端区域海洋变暖的离散期（海洋热浪）的频率也在增加(2)。在这里，我们量化了所有海洋盆地中mhw的趋势和属性，并研究了它们从物种到生态系统的生物影响。太平洋、大西洋和印度洋的多个区域由于生物多样性水平高、在温暖范围边缘发现的物种普遍存在或同时存在的非气候人类影响，特别容易受到高强度热带气旋加剧的影响。突出的mhw的物理属性差异很大，但都对一系列生物过程和分类群产生有害影响，包括关键的基础物种（珊瑚、海草和海带）。在未来的几十年里，mhw可能会随着人为的气候变化而加剧(3)，并迅速成为强有力的干扰因素，有能力重构整个生态系统，破坏生态产品和服务的提供。
The global ocean has warmed substantially over the past century, with far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems(1). Concurrent with long-term persistent warming, discrete periods of extreme regional ocean warming (marine heatwaves, MHWs) have increased in frequency(2). Here we quantify trends and attributes of MHWs across all ocean basins and examine their biological impacts from species to ecosystems. Multiple regions in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans are particularly vulnerable to MHW intensification, due to the co-existence of high levels of biodiversity, a prevalence of species found at their warm range edges or concurrent non-climatic human impacts. The physical attributes of prominent MHWs varied considerably, but all had deleterious impacts across a range of biological processes and taxa, including critical foundation species (corals, seagrasses and kelps). MHWs, which will probably intensify with anthropogenic climate change(3), are rapidly emerging as forceful agents of disturbance with the capacity to restructure entire ecosystems and disrupt the provision of ecological goods and services in coming decades.