Environmental temperatures significantly change the impact of insecticides measured using WHOPES protocols.
Environmental temperatures significantly change the impact of insecticides measured using WHOPES protocols.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-13-350
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发表时间：
2014-09-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Thomas MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glunt KD;Paaijmans KP;Read AF;Thomas MB
杀虫剂是疟疾控制方案的关键组成部分。在各种昆虫物种中，温度在决定杀虫剂暴露的结果方面起着重要作用。然而，令人惊讶的是，人们对温度如何影响化学干预措施对疟疾病媒的效力知之甚少。史氏按蚊近期无杀虫剂暴露史，在12、18、22或26°C下使用WHO管抗性监测试验暴露于有机磷马拉硫磷或拟除虫菊酯氯菊酯。为了评估暴露前温度对易感性的影响，将成年蚊子保持在18或26°C直到暴露前，然后移动到相反的温度。暴露后24小时，将暴露于<26°C的蚊子移至26°C，观察其恢复情况。根据暴露后24小时的存活率评估敏感性;使用二项误差分布和logit链接函数将数据作为广义线性模型进行分析。将暴露温度从实验室标准26°C降低，可显著降低雌虫的易感性。stephensi对马拉硫磷WHO耐药鉴别浓度的敏感性（χ2df=3 = 29.0，p < 0.001）。虽然这些蚊子对氯菊酯的抗药性鉴别浓度的敏感性没有那么强烈的温度依赖性，但在接触后24小时从12、18或22°C移至26°C的蚊子中观察到了恢复。特别是对于氯菊酯，蚊子的热历史在决定杀虫剂暴露的最终结果以生存方面是重要的（氯菊酯：暴露前温度：F1，29 = 14.2，p < 0.001;暴露温度：F1，29 = 1.1，p = 0.3;浓度：F1，29 = 85.2，p < 0.001;暴露温度x浓度：F1，29 = 5.8，p = 0.02）。驯化温度对马拉硫磷敏感性的影响取决于暴露温度（暴露温度：F1，79 = 98.4，p < 0.001;暴露前温度：F1，79 = 0.03，p = 0.9;暴露前温度×暴露温度F1，79 = 6.0，p = 0.02）。一个单一的人口。根据世卫组织的标准，根据蚊子所处的温度，可以将stephensi归类为对特定化学品敏感或耐药。调查病媒控制工具在不同温度条件下的性能，将提高更好地了解杀虫剂抗药性的流行病学意义和为特定环境选择最有效产品的能力。
Insecticides are critical components of malaria control programmes. In a variety of insect species, temperature plays a fundamental role in determining the outcome of insecticide exposure. However, surprisingly little is known about how temperature affects the efficacy of chemical interventions against malaria vectors. Anopheles stephensi, with no recent history of insecticide exposure, were exposed to the organophosphate malathion or the pyrethroid permethrin at 12, 18, 22, or 26°C, using the WHO tube resistance-monitoring assay. To evaluate the effect of pre-exposure temperature on susceptibility, adult mosquitoes were kept at 18 or 26°C until just before exposure, and then moved to the opposite temperature. Twenty-four hours after exposure, mosquitoes exposed at <26°C were moved to 26°C and recovery was observed. Susceptibility was assessed in terms of survival 24 hours after exposure; data were analysed as generalized linear models using a binomial error distribution and logit link function. Lowering the exposure temperature from the laboratory standard 26°C can strongly reduce the susceptibility of female An. stephensi to the WHO resistance-discriminating concentration of malathion (χ2df=3 = 29.0, p < 0.001). While the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to the resistance-discriminating concentration of permethrin was not as strongly temperature-dependent, recovery was observed in mosquitoes moved from 12, 18 or 22°C to 26°C 24 hours after exposure. For permethrin especially, the thermal history of the mosquito was important in determining the ultimate outcome of insecticide exposure for survival (permethrin: pre-exposure temperature: F1,29 = 14.2, p < 0.001; exposure temp: F1,29 = 1.1, p = 0.3; concentration: F1,29 = 85.2, p < 0.001; exposure temp x conc: F1,29 = 5.8, p = 0.02). The effect of acclimation temperature on malathion susceptibility depended on the exposure temperature (exposure temp: F1,79 = 98.4, p < 0.001; pre-exposure temp: F1,79 = 0.03, p = 0.9; pre-exp temp x exp temp F1,79 = 6.0, p = 0.02). A single population of An. stephensi could be classified by WHO criteria as susceptible or resistant to a given chemical, depending on the temperature at which the mosquitoes were exposed. Investigating the performance of vector control tools under different temperature conditions will augment the ability to better understand the epidemiological significance of insecticide resistance and select the most effective products for a given environment.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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1.9
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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