Life Detection within Planetary Exploration: Context for Biosensor and Related Bioanalytical Technologies
Life Detection within Planetary Exploration: Context for Biosensor and Related Bioanalytical Technologies
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行星探索中的生命探测：生物传感器和相关生物分析技术的背景
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Sims
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Cullen;M. Sims
火星上有生命吗？这是科学界的一个重大问题，在一般社会中也具有广泛的吸引力。迄今为止，只有 3 个任务尝试在火星上寻找生命：20 世纪 70 年代中期的两次 NASA Viking 任务和最近英国领导的 Beagle 2 任务。在所有情况下都没有检测到生命——小猎犬 2 号的情况是由于非名义上的着陆事件。我们目前对火星的看法是，在历史上，Maritain环境中曾经存在过生命的可能性，甚至火星上现在也有可能存在生命。因此，下一代火星探测器和着陆器正在考虑使用新的分析技术来寻找这种生命的证据。许多团体正在考虑将抗体微阵列装置形式的生物传感器作为潜在的工具，以在火星表面和近地下以分子生物标记的形式原位检测生命的证据。在开发飞行合格仪器的背景下，此类研究尚处于发展的早期阶段。考虑到典型火星任务各个阶段都会遇到的极端环境，在仪器开发计划中需要仔细考虑辐射暴露的影响、仪器灭菌、仪器污染最小化、长期储存和各种热环境。希望在行星探索背景下推动用于生命探测的生物传感器技术的发展不仅能够最终回答社会中的基本问题，而且还提供新的发展和方法，有利于其他应用领域的现有生物传感器的发展。
关键词：
天体生物学；
免疫传感器；
抗体阵列；
火星上的生命
Is there life on Mars? This is a major question within the scientific community and one that also has broad appeal within the general community. To date, only three missions have attempted to look for life on Mars—the two NASA Viking missions in the mid-1970s and the recent UK-led Beagle 2 mission. In all cases no life was detected—in the case of Beagle 2 due to a nonnominal landing event. Our current view of Mars is that historically there was the potential for life to have existed in the Maritain environment and even the possibility of there being current life on Mars. New analytical techniques are therefore being considered for the next generation of Mars rovers and landers to search for evidence of such life. Biosensors in the form of antibody microarray devices are being considered by a number of groups as potential instruments to detect evidence of life in situ in the form of molecular biomarkers within the Martian surface and near subsurface. Such research is at an early stage of development within the context of development of flight-qualified instrumentation. Given the extreme environments that will be encountered during various phases of a typical Mars mission, careful consideration of the effect of radiation exposure, instrument sterilization, minimization of instrument contamination, long-term storage, and various thermal environments will be required in instrument development programmes. It is hoped that pushing the development of biosensor technology for life detection in a planetary exploration context will allow both the eventual answer of a fundamental question within society and also provide new developments and approaches that will benefit existing biosensor developments in other areas of application.
Keywords:
astrobiology;
immunosensor;
antibody arrays;
life on Mars