Electrification of Urban Freight Transport - a Case Study of the Food Retailing Industry
Electrification of Urban Freight Transport - a Case Study of the Food Retailing Industry
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城市货运电气化——食品零售行业案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.159
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Göhlich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kai Martins;A. Grahle;K. Nagel;D. Göhlich
脱碳是未来几十年对所有行业（包括交通运输业）的重大挑战。电池电动汽车是运输部门减少碳影响的潜在解决方案。除了货运方面的电动车是否有足够供应外，以电池为动力的货车是否符合实际需要，特别是在续航里程方面，亦不清楚。为了研究这一点，合成图尔斯产生的解决车辆路径问题（VRP）。这还根据一组不同的车辆类型生成车队规模和组成。具有底层交通状况的网络来自公开可用的传输模型。生成的图尔斯然后模拟与开源交通模拟（MATSim），柴油和电池电动汽车（BEV）。在一项敏感性研究中，在计算车辆成本时考虑了两种不同的购买价格。案例研究采用了柏林市食品零售业的模型。56%的图尔斯旅游可以在不充电的情况下驾驶。当充电一次时，90%的图尔斯行程适合BEV。运输货物的成本将增加17%至23%，具体取决于对BEV购买价格的假设。使用井到轮计算，所有图尔斯的电气化导致温室气体（GHG）排放量减少26%至96%，具体取决于假设的电力生产。
Decarbonisation is a major challenge for the coming decades, for all industries, including the transport sector. Battery electric vehicles are a potential solution for the transport sector to reduce its carbon impact. Asides from the question whether there is sufficient supply of electric vehicles for freight transport, it is also unclear whether battery-powered trucks meet the practical requirements, especially in terms of their driving range. To investigate this, synthetic tours were generated by solving a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). This also generates the fleet size and composition depending on a set of different vehicle types. The network with underlying traffic conditions comes from an publicly available transport model. The generated tours are then simulated with an open-source transport simulation (MATSim), for both diesel and battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In a sensitivity study, two different purchase prices were considered for calculating vehicle costs. The case study uses a model of the food retailing industry for the city of Berlin. 56% of the tours can be driven without recharging. When recharged one time, 90% of the tours are suitable for BEVs. The costs for transporting the goods will increase by 17 to 23% depending on the assumption for the purchase prices for the BEVs. Using a well-to-wheel calculation, the electrification of all tours leads to a reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26 to 96% depending on the assumed electricity production.