Mass incarceration, race inequality, and health: Expanding concepts and assessing impacts on well-being
Mass incarceration, race inequality, and health: Expanding concepts and assessing impacts on well-being
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.042
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Rosenberg, Alana P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blankenship, Kim M.;Gonzalez, Ana Maria del Rio;Rosenberg, Alana P.
我们探讨种族差异，个人如何体验大规模监禁，以及在大规模监禁的影响，被认为是健康的主要社会决定因素的福祉措施。我们从最近从监狱/监狱释放的302名男性和女性的样本中提取基线数据，或直接在康涅狄格州纽黑文市（CT）进行与毒品有关的犯罪的缓刑，并以6个月的间隔进行为期两年的跟踪（2011-2014）。我们描述了种族差异的大规模监禁的经验，并在其对福祉的影响，我们进行调解分析，以分析种族，大规模监禁和福祉之间的关系。黑人报告的成年人定罪比白人少，但平均多2.5个成年人监禁。黑人更有可能在青少年时期被监禁，在青少年设施和青少年成人设施中度过一段时间，获得假释，并经历多种形式的监视。白人更有可能报告被警察抓到做违法的事情，但却被释放了。黑人更有可能报告监禁对教育的任何影响，辍学，离开工作，离开他们最长的工作，并因监禁而与家庭成员疏远。白人更有可能因为害怕被捕而避免获得所需的健康或社会服务。总体而言，黑人报告的刑事司法参与对福祉的影响比白人多。成年人监禁和监视类型的数量，以及作为青少年被监禁，每个调解种族，大规模监禁和福祉之间的关系。虽然需要更多的研究，但大规模监禁的经历似乎因种族而异，这些差异反过来又对旨在解决大规模监禁对健康和福祉影响的干预措施产生影响。
We explore race differences in how individuals experience mass incarceration, as well as in mass incarceration's impacts on measures of well-being that are recognized as major social determinants of health. We draw on baseline data from a sample of 302 men and women recently released from prison/jail or placed directly onto probation in New Haven, Connecticut (CT) for drug related offenses and followed at 6-month intervals for two years (2011-2014). We describe race differences in experiences of mass incarceration and in its impacts on wellbeing; and we conduct mediation analyses to analyze relationships among race, mass incarceration, and wellbeing. Blacks reported fewer adult convictions than whites, but an average of 2.5 more adult incarcerations. Blacks were more likely to have been incarcerated as a juvenile, spent time in a juvenile facility and in an adult facility as a juvenile, been on parole, and experienced multiple forms of surveillance. Whites were more likely to report being caught by the police doing something illegal but let go. Blacks were more likely to report any impact of incarceration on education, and dropping out of school, leaving a job, leaving their longest job, and becoming estranged from a family member due to incarceration. Whites were more likely to avoid getting needed health or social services for fear of arrest. Overall, Blacks reported a larger number of impacts of criminal justice involvement on well-being than whites. Number of adult incarcerations and of surveillance types, and being incarcerated as a juvenile, each mediated the relationship among race, mass incarceration, and well-being. Though more research is necessary, experiences of mass incarceration appear to vary by race and these differences, in turn, have implications for interventions aimed at addressing the impacts of mass incarceration on health and well-being.