Coevolution of host and virus: The pathogenesis of virulent and attenuated strains of myxoma virus in resistant and susceptible European rabbits
Coevolution of host and virus: The pathogenesis of virulent and attenuated strains of myxoma virus in resistant and susceptible European rabbits
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DOI：
10.1006/viro.1999.0104
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kerr, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Best, SM;Kerr, PJ
粘液瘤病毒于1950年引入澳大利亚的欧洲兔子种群。虽然该病毒最初在兔子中具有高度致死性，但很快就筛选出毒性较低的病毒株和先天抗性兔子。为了研究粘液瘤病毒的耐药性的基础，我们比较了最初释放到澳大利亚的粘液瘤病毒的强毒株和一种减毒的、自然衍生的粘液瘤病毒的野外毒株的发病机理。这是在实验室兔子中进行的，这些兔子没有被选择为耐药性，而野生兔子已经产生了显著的耐药性。野生兔子能够从感染病毒中恢复过来，这种病毒在实验室兔子中总是致命的。实验兔能够控制和从减毒病毒感染中恢复。这种病毒在野兔身上引起一种轻微的疾病。实验兔和野生兔在接种部位皮肤中的强毒或减毒病毒滴度差异不大。然而，耐药的野兔有一个10- 100倍的低滴度的强毒病毒的淋巴结引流接种公畜和控制病毒复制的组织远端引流淋巴结。病毒在从野生兔和实验室兔培养的淋巴细胞或成纤维细胞中的复制表明，抗性不是由于细胞复制能力的改变。中和抗体存在于敏感和耐药的兔子，这表明这些没有显着的作用，阻力。我们假设抵抗是由于增强的先天免疫应答，使兔子能够建立有效的细胞免疫应答。(C)北京大学出版社.
Myxoma virus was introduced into the European rabbit population of Australia In 1950. Although the Virus was initially highly lethal in rabbits, there was rapid selection for less virulent strains of virus and innately resistant rabbits. To investigate the basis of resistance to myxoma virus, we have compared the pathogensis of the virulent strain of myxoma virus originally released into Australia and an attenuated, naturally derived field strain of myxoma virus. This was done in laboratory rabbits, which have not been selected for resistance, and in wild rabbits that have developed significant resistance. Wild rabbits were able to recover from infection with virus that was always lethal in laboratory rabbits. Laboratory rabbits were able to control and recover from infection with attenuated virus. This virus caused a trivial disease in wild rabbits. There was little difference between laboratory and wild rabbits in titers of either virulent or attenuated virus in the skin at the inoculation site. However, resistant wild rabbits had a 10- to 100-fold lower titer of virulent virus within the lymph node draining the inoculation sire and controlled virus replication in tissues distal to the draining lymph node. Replication of virus in lymphocytes or fibroblasts cultured from wild and laboratory rabbits demonstrated that resistance was not due to altered cellular permissivity for replication. Neutralizing antibodies were present in both susceptible and resistant rabbits, suggesting that these have no significant role in resistance. We hypothesise that resistance is due to an enhanced innate immune response that allows the rabbit to mount an effective cellular immune response. (C) 2000 Academic Press.