Aspiration of Food and Vomit.
Aspiration of Food and Vomit.
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食物和呕吐物的误吸。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a066812
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发表时间：
1958
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Gardner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Gardner
自古典时代以来，人们就认识到食物或饮料进入肺部而窒息的危险。希波克拉底（C.公元前400年）警告他的听众说，“饮酒引起轻微咳嗽，或吞咽被迫，是不好的”。据说希腊诗人安纳克里昂死于公元前475年，死于吸入葡萄籽（巴黎和丰布兰克，1823 a）。据记载，在公元1053年温彻斯特的一次宴会上，忏悔者爱德华指控韦塞克斯伯爵戈德温谋杀了阿尔弗雷德。戈德温，抗议他的清白，说：“如果我有罪，愿这面包噎死我。”他吃了面包，突然倒下，死了。更近的是，在1583年，英国诗人汉弗莱吉尔伯特被一块羊肉噎死。约翰·亨特知道饮料会被吸入肺里，因为他在1781年审判约翰·多内兰上尉谋杀西奥多·布劳顿爵士时作证时说：“在每个人的嘴里，一点白兰地会杀死一只猫。我做过实验;在所有那些杀死猫的情况下，它是通过进入肺而不是胃来杀死猫的。“如果试图给失去知觉的病人喂食，就会发生误吸，这是一个常识问题。普里迪（1862- 1863）讲述了纽卡斯尔一个男孩的经历，他在麻醉期间”受到晕厥的威胁“，在试图将白兰地灌入喉咙时死亡。Mendelssohn（1845）在动物实验中证明，咽麻痹时特别容易发生误吸，Momsseau（1851）和West（1866）在临床上也证实了这一点。N61 aton（1876）指出，食物吸入在老年人或濒死者、昏迷者和白喉麻痹者中很常见。威尔克斯和莫克森在1889年观察到，
Since classical times the danger of suffocation from food or drink entering the lungs has been recognized. Hippocrates (c. 400 BC) warned his hearers that'for drinking to provoke a slight cough, or for swallowing to be forced, is bad'. Anacreon, the Greek poet, is said to have died in 475 BC from inhalation of a grape seed (Paris and Fonblanque, 1823a). It is also recorded that during a feast at Winchester in AD 1053 Edward the Confessor accused Godwin, Earl of Wessex, of having murdered Alfred the Etheling. Godwin, protesting his innocence, said'If I am guilty may this bread choke me'. He ate the bread, fell down in a fit, and died. More recently, in 1583, the English poet Humphrey Gilbert choked and died with a piece of mutton in his glottis. John Hunter was aware that drinks could be aspirated into the lungs, for he stated in 1781, while giving evidence at the trial of Captain John Donellan for the murder of Sir Theodoaius Broughton:'It is in the mouth of everybody that a little brandy will kill a cat. I have made the experiment; in all those cases where it kills the cat, it kills the cat by getting into her lungs, not her stomach.'It is a matter of common sense that aspiration will occur if attempts are made to feed unconscious patients; Pridie (1862-3) told of snch an occurrence in a boy in Newcastle, who was' threatened with syncope'during an anaesthetic and died while an attempt was being made to pour brandy down his throat. That aspirations are particularly prone to occur in pharyngeal paralysis was shown experimentally in animals by Mendelssohn (1845), and recognized clinically in diphtheria by Momsseau (1851) and West (1866). N61aton (1876) remarked that food aspiration was common in the aged or moribund, in coma, and in diphtheritic paralysis. Wilks and Moxon in 1889 observed that such accidents