Why do men seek status? Fitness payoffs to dominance and prestige
Why do men seek status? Fitness payoffs to dominance and prestige
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.2145
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发表时间：
2011-07-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Kaplan, Hillard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
von Rueden, Christopher;Gurven, Michael;Kaplan, Hillard
在许多人类社会中，较高的男性社会地位与较高的生育能力有关，但社会地位提高终生健康的方式尚未得到系统的研究。我们分析了在一个小规模的美洲印第安社会中，男性地位产生繁殖成功的途径。更有可能赢得双元身体对抗的男性，即占支配地位的男性，其年龄内的婚内生育率较高；在社区范围内具有更大影响力的男性，即享有盛誉的男性，其婚内生育率较高，后代死亡率较低。这两种形式的地位都能获得盟友的支持和竞争对手的尊重，但地位高的人并不比他们的同龄人得到更多。有声望但不占主导地位的男人娶的妻子第一次生孩子的年龄更早，多变量分析表明，这是这一人群中地位和健康之间最有力的联系。此外，男性追求地位的动机是由于在婚姻关系内外都能获得健康：占主导地位和享有声望的男性有更多的配偶存活的后代，同时也有更多的婚外情。
In many human societies, high male social status associates with higher fertility, but the means by which status increases lifetime fitness have not been systematically investigated. We analyse the pathways by which male status begets reproductive success in a small-scale, Amerindian society. Men who are more likely to win a dyadic physical confrontation, i.e. dominant men, have higher intra-marital fertility for their age, and men with more community-wide influence, i.e. prestigious men, exhibit both higher intra-marital fertility and lower offspring mortality. Both forms of status elicit support from allies and deference from competitors, but high status men are not provisioned more than their peers. Prestigious but not dominant men marry wives who first give birth at earlier ages, which multivariate analysis suggests is the strongest pathway between status and fitness in this population. Furthermore, men are motivated to pursue status because of fitness gains both within and outside of marital unions: dominant and prestigious men have more in-pair surviving offspring as well as more extra-marital affairs.