Palaeoflood records for the Red River, Manitoba, Canada, derived from anatomical tree-ring signatures

Palaeoflood records for the Red River, Manitoba, Canada, derived from anatomical tree-ring signatures
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加拿大马尼托巴省红河的古洪水记录,源自解剖树木年轮特征

DOI:
10.1191/0959683603hl645rp
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发表时间:
2003
期刊:
The Holocene
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
E. Nielsen
E. Nielsen
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. George;E. Nielsen

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加拿大曼尼托巴省南部红河的古洪水记录来自于在16个活树遗址、几个历史建筑和考古遗址以及埋在河流冲积层中的亚化石原木中收集的巨树栎(Quercus macrocarpa, micx)的解剖年轮特征。在春季和初夏,树木的长时间淹没导致了解剖异常(洪水年轮)的发展,这提供了极端洪水的代理记录。红河下游流域(LRB)的洪水特征记录从公元1999年到1648年,表明1826年的红河洪水是过去352年来最大的一次。树木年轮记录确定了过去200年里LRB最大的7次洪水中的5次,并记录了1747年、1762年、1826年、1852年、1950年、1979年和1997年的极端洪水。红河上游流域的树木年轮洪水记录从公元1997年到1448年,包括1510年、1538年、1658年、1682年、1726年、1727年、1741年、1747年和1762年的洪水年轮。影响洪水年轮形成和洪水年轮记录有效性的因素包括洪水时间、树木的年龄和可用性,以及沿茎的响应变化。来自LRB的证据表明,18世纪中期、19世纪中期和20世纪下半叶洪水频率增加的间隔,以及1648-1746年、1763-1825年和1862-1949年没有极端洪水的间隔。树木年轮的证据支持红河的高流量是不稳定的,过去的气候和景观变化可能影响了当地的洪水风险的前提。
Palaeoflood records for the Red River in southern Manitoba, Canada, were derived from anatomical tree-ring signatures in Quercus macrocarpa (Michx) collected at 16 living-tree sites, several historical buildings and archaeological sites, and subfossil logs buried in river alluvium. Prolonged inundation of trees during spring and early summer induces the development of anatomical anomalies (flood rings) that provide a proxy record of extreme floods. Flood-signature records for the Lower Red River basin (LRB) extend from ad 1999 to 1648 and suggest that the Red River flood of 1826 was the largest during the last 352 years. The tree-ring record identifies five of the largest seven floods in the LRB during the last 200 years and documents extreme floods in 1747, 1762, 1826, 1852, 1950, 1979 and 1997. The Upper Red River basin tree-ring flood record extends from ad 1997 to 1448 and contains flood rings for 1510, 1538, 1658, 1682, 1726, 1727, 1741, 1747 and 1762. Factors influencing the formation of flood rings, and hence efficacy of flood-ring records, include flood timing, age and availability of trees, and variations in response along the stem. Evidence from the LRB indicates intervals of increased flood frequency during the mid-1700s, the mid-1800s, and the second half of the twentieth century, and intervals without extreme flooding in 1648–1746, 1763–1825 and 1862–1949. The tree-ring evidence supports the premise that high Red River flows are non-stationary and that past climatic and landscape changes may have influenced local flood risks.