THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF AGE-RELATED STEREOTYPE THREAT ON EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS
THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF AGE-RELATED STEREOTYPE THREAT ON EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN OLDER ADULTS
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DOI：
10.1521/soco.2014.32.6.559
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Knowlton, Barbara J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eich, Teal S.;Murayama, Kou;Knowlton, Barbara J.
虽然意识到与年龄相关的记忆变化可能有助于老年人了解自己的认知能力，但它也可能通过刻板印象威胁(ST)机制对记忆表现产生负面影响。ST的结果是在与刻板印象相关的能力上表现不佳。在这里，我们考察了在广泛的年龄范围内，ST对外显和内隐记忆的影响程度。我们发现，ST对外显记忆有影响，但仅在早期老年组(平均年龄67.83岁)，而在较晚老年组(平均年龄84.59岁)中没有影响。无论是早老组还是晚老组，内隐记忆都没有受到影响。这些结果表明，年龄相关记忆下降的ST影响需要控制提取而不进行项目编码的记忆过程。此外，这种形式的ST似乎随着年龄的增长而消散。这些结果对理解整个年龄阶段的心理发展有一定的意义。
While an awareness of age-related changes in memory may help older adults gain insight into their own cognitive abilities, it may also have a negative impact on memory performance through a mechanism of stereotype threat (ST). The consequence of ST is under-performance in abilities related to the stereotype. Here, we examined the degree to which explicit and implicit memory were affected by ST across a wide age-range. We found that explicit memory was affected by ST, but only in an Early Aging group (mean age 67.83), and not in a Later Aging group (mean age 84.59). Implicit memory was not affected in either the Early or Later Aging group. These results demonstrate that ST for age-related memory decline affects memory processes requiring controlled retrieval while sparing item encoding. Furthermore, this form of ST appears to dissipate as aging progresses. These results have implications for understanding psychological development across the span of aging.