The Maturing of Capitalist Agriculture: Farmer as Proletarian
The Maturing of Capitalist Agriculture: Farmer as Proletarian
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资本主义农业的成熟：农民作为无产阶级
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Lewontin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Lewontin
我们都熟悉资本主义如何主导工业生产的经典故事，以及资本主义生产关系是如何吞噬个体工匠生产者的。我们认识到资本主义模式对权力的渗透，并最终改造了其他形式的生产和交换组织。我们有时认为，这种转变的力量是如此之大，以至于所有的重大行动都已经发生在过去，至少在欧洲和北美，到19世纪末基本上已经结束。在我们所居住的社会中，这是一个既成事实，我们只有通过重建过去才能理解它的动态，因为它并没有发生在我们周围。转念一想，我们意识到，直到最近，在医疗和娱乐等少数几个技术领域，转型仍在进行中，在这些领域，个人工匠能够在本世纪的大部分时间里从事自己的行业，但这些早期资本主义关系的化石似乎很特别，因为他们需要特殊的人才或通过长期培训获得的必要技能。但是，认为除了商品生产主体的边缘之外，向成熟资本主义的过渡基本上已经结束的观点显然是错误的，因为它忽视了基本商品生产的一个巨大部门--农业，农业仍处于转型的阵痛中。这篇文章也可以在月刊网站上找到，在那里最新的文章全文发表。点击这里购买本文的PDF版本。
We are all familiar with the classical story of how capitalism came to dominate industrial production and how capitalist relations of production swallowed up the individual artisanal producer. We recognize the power that the capitalist model to infiltrate and finally transform other forms of the organization of production and exchange. We sometimes think that the power of that transformation is so great that all of the significant action already occurred in the past, at least in Europe and North America, and was essentially over by the end of the nineteenth century. In the society we inhabit, it is a fait accompli, whose dynamic we can only understand by reconstructing the past because it is not happening around us. On second thought we realize that the transition was still in progress until very recently in a few skilled domains like medical care and entertainment, where individual artisans were able to ply their trade throughout most of this century, but these fossils of early capitalist relations seem exceptional because of their requirement of special talents or of necessary skills acquired by long training. But the view that the transition to mature capitalism is essentially over except at the margins of the main body of commodity production is clearly wrong, because it ignores an immense sector of basic essential commodity production, agriculture, which is still in the throes of the transition.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.