Mitosis, microtubule dynamics and the evolution of kinesins.

Mitosis, microtubule dynamics and the evolution of kinesins.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.02.010
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发表时间:
2015-05-15
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Wordeman, Linda
Wordeman, Linda
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vicente, Juan Jesus;Wordeman, Linda

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所有生物体都必须通过连续的世代传递遗传信息,所有六个真核超群都利用有丝分裂纺锤体来完成这项任务。有丝分裂纺锤体是负责有丝分裂过程中染色体分离的细胞机制,由数百种蛋白质组成。在进化过程中,真核细胞发展出不同的机制和不同种类的有丝分裂纺锤体来分离染色体(Drechsler 和 McAinsh,2012)。不管差异如何,所有这些不同有丝分裂纺锤体的共同特征是利用微管和驱动蛋白,因为迄今为止研究的所有已知真核生物都拥有驱动蛋白(Wickstead 等人,2010)。有丝分裂纺锤体是不同长度的微管的双极阵列,不断生长和收缩。这些高度动态的微管由中心体成核,并与着丝粒区域的染色体接触,以促进染色体附着和分离。尽管染色体运动部分是由微管组装的变化提供动力的(Shelden 和 Wadsworth,1992),但与微管和其他纺锤体结构相关的驱动蛋白改善了纺锤体中染色体的运动。驱动蛋白参与染色体附着,影响微管动力学并有助于后期纺锤体伸长(综述见(Cross 和 McAinsh,2014))。因此,驱动蛋白与动态微管结合,确保遗传物质在两个子细胞之间正确分布,以避免非整倍性。
All living organisms must transmit genetic information through successive generations, and all six eukaryotic supergroups utilize a mitotic spindle to accomplish this task. The mitotic spindle is the cellular machinery responsible for chromosome segregation during mitosis, and it is comprised of hundreds of proteins. During evolution, eukaryotic cells have developed different mechanisms and different kinds of mitotic spindles to segregate the chromosomes (Drechsler and McAinsh, 2012). Regardless of the differences, the common characteristic of all these different mitotic spindles is the utilization of microtubules and kinesins, as all known eukaryotes studied to this date possess kinesins (Wickstead et al., 2010).The mitotic spindle is a bipolar array of microtubules of varied lengths that continuously grow and shrink. These highly dynamic microtubules are nucleated by centrosomes and contact the chromosomes in the centromeric region to facilitate chromosome attachment and segregation. Although chromosome movement is powered in part by changes in microtubule assembly (Shelden and Wadsworth, 1992), kinesins associated with microtubules and other spindle structures refine the movement of chromosomes in the spindle. Kinesins participate in chromosome attachment, influence microtubule dynamics and contribute to anaphase spindle elongation (reviewed in (Cross and McAinsh, 2014)). Thus, kinesins, in conjunction with dynamic microtubules, ensure the proper distribution of genetic material between the two daughter cells to avoid aneuploidy.
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