Pesticide and pathogen contamination of vegetables in Ghana's urban markets
Pesticide and pathogen contamination of vegetables in Ghana's urban markets
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00244-004-0054-8
复制
发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Ntow, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amoah, P;Drechsel, P;Ntow, WJ
这项研究的目的是确定和比较加纳城市人口目前通过消费城市和城郊小农农业生产的新鲜蔬菜而受到有害农药和粪便大肠菌群污染的程度，这些蔬菜采用非正式的废水灌溉。在正常购买条件下，从加纳3个主要城市：阿克拉、库马西和塔马利的9个主要市场和12个专业销售点随机收集NO蔬菜样本（生菜、卷心菜和葱）。分析了莴苣叶上的农药残留、总大肠菌群和粪便大肠菌群，以及所有三种蔬菜上的蠕虫卵计数。毒死蜱（durshan）占78%，林丹（Gamalin 20）占31%，硫丹（Thiodan）占36%，溴代氯氰菊酯（kairate）占11%，二氯二苯三氯乙烷占33%。记录的大部分残留物超过了消费的最大残留限量。所有3个城市的蔬菜均受到粪便污染，其粪便大肠菌群的几何平均值为4.0 × 10(3)至9.3 × 10(8) g（-1）湿重，超过推荐标准。生菜、卷心菜和葱也分别平均携带1.1、0.4和2.7个虫卵g（-1）。卵鉴定为类蚓蛔虫、十二指肠钩虫、血血吸虫和毛滴虫卵。由于许多蔬菜都是新鲜的，或者只是稍微煮熟，研究表明，在加纳及其邻国，集约化蔬菜生产很常见。从微生物和农药方面威胁公众健康。解决这种情况的标准建议（更好的立法、执法或病虫害综合治理）往往与农民和当局的能力不匹配。降低风险并解决采后污染的最适当切入点是在家庭或“切碎”酒吧（街头餐馆）准备食物之前清洗蔬菜。
The objective of the study was to determine and compare the current level of exposure of the Ghanaian urban population to hazardous pesticide and fecal coliform contamination through the consumption of fresh vegetables produced in intensive urban and periurban smallholder agriculture with informal wastewater irrigation. A total of NO vegetable samples (lettuce, cabbage, and spring onion) were randomly collected under normal purchase conditions from 9 major markets and 12 specialized selling points in 3 major Ghanaian cities: Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. The samples were analyzed for pesticide residue on lettuce leaves, total and fecal coliforms, and helminth egg counts on all three vegetables. Chlopyrifos (Dursban) was detected on 78% of the lettuce, lindane (Gamalin 20) on 31%, endosulfan (Thiodan) on 36%, lambdaeyhalothrin (Karate) on 11%, and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane on 33%. Most of the residues recorded exceeded the maximum residue limit for consumption. Vegetables from all 3 cities were fecally contaminated and carried fecal coliform populations with geometric mean values ranging from 4.0 x 10(3) to 9.3 x 10(8) g(-1) wet weight and exceeded recommended standards. Lettuce, cabbage, and spring onion also carried an average of 1.1, 0.4, and 2.7 helminth eggs g(-1), respectively. The eggs were identified as those of Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Schistosoma heamatobium, and Trichuris trichiura. Because many vegetables are consumed fresh or only slightly cooked, the study shows that intensive vegetable production, common in Ghana and its neighboring countries. threatens public health from the microbiologic and pesticide dimensions. Standard recommendations to address this situation (better legislations, law enforcement, or integrated pest management) often do not match the capabilities of farmers and authorities. The most appropriate entry point for risk decrease that also addresses postharvest contamination is washing vegetables before food preparation at the household or "chop" bar (street restaurant).