Population-aware hierarchical bayesian domain adaptation via multi-component invariant learning

Population-aware hierarchical bayesian domain adaptation via multi-component invariant learning
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通过多组件不变学习实现群体感知的分层贝叶斯域适应

DOI:
10.1145/3368555.3384451
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Inference and Learning
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Chunara, Rumi
Chunara, Rumi
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mhasawade, Vishwali;Rehman, Nabeel Abdur;Chunara, Rumi

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虽然机器学习正在快速发展并部署在健康环境中,例如流感预测,但由于特征的可变性,使用来自一个环境的数据来预测另一个环境存在关键挑战。即使在疾病标签中也可能存在差异(例如,“发烧”可能意味着医生办公室与在线应用程序中报告的不同内容)。此外,模型往往是建立在被动的、观察性的数据基础上的,这些数据包含不同的人口亚组分布(例如男性或女性)。因此,在这个观测输运问题中,环境之间存在两种形式的不稳定性。我们首先利用实质性的知识,从健康研究概念化的基本因果结构,这个问题的健康结果预测任务。基于模型和任务的稳定性来源,我们认为我们可以将联合收割机环境和人口信息结合在一个新的人口感知的分层贝叶斯域适应框架中,该框架在需要时通过人口属性利用多个不变分量。我们研究了不变学习失败的条件,导致对环境特定属性的依赖。在从不同背景收集的四个数据集上进行流感预测任务的实验结果表明,该模型可以通过利用环境和人口不变信息,在来自新环境和不同组成人群的大部分未标记目标数据的情况下改善预测。这项工作代表了一种新颖的,有原则的方式,通过融合领域(健康)知识和算法创新来解决关键挑战。所提出的方法将在许多社会环境中产生重大影响,其中数据来自谁以及如何生成都很重要。
While machine learning is rapidly being developed and deployed in health settings such as influenza prediction, there are critical challenges in using data from one environment to predict in another due to variability in features. Even within disease labels there can be differences (e.g. "fever" may mean something different reported in a doctor's office versus in an online app). Moreover, models are often built on passive, observational data which contain different distributions of population subgroups (e.g. men or women). Thus, there are two forms of instability between environments in this observational transport problem. We first harness substantive knowledge from health research to conceptualize the underlying causal structure of this problem in a health outcome prediction task. Based on sources of stability in the model and the task, we posit that we can combine environment and population information in a novel population-aware hierarchical Bayesian domain adaptation framework that harnesses multiple invariant components through population attributes when needed. We study the conditions under which invariant learning fails, leading to reliance on the environment-specific attributes. Experimental results for an influenza prediction task on four datasets gathered from different contexts show the model can improve prediction in the case of largely unlabelled target data from a new environment and different constituent population, by harnessing both environment and population invariant information. This work represents a novel, principled way to address a critical challenge by blending domain (health) knowledge and algorithmic innovation. The proposed approach will have significant impact in many social settings wherein who the data comes from and how it was generated, matters.
谁接受心脏病测试以及谁应该接受测试:预测患者风险和医生错误
DOI: --
发表时间: 2019
期刊:
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影响因子: --
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多源因果分析:从多个数据集中学习贝叶斯网络
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0221-4_56
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