Phage-Mediated Selection on Microbiota of a Long-Lived Host
Phage-Mediated Selection on Microbiota of a Long-Lived Host
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.038
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发表时间：
2013-07-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Koskella, Britt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koskella, Britt
越来越明显的是，长寿宿主的动态微生物群落影响其表型，包括对疾病的抵抗力[1 - 3]。由于新物种的迁移[4，5]，与宿主免疫系统的相互作用[6，7]以及噬菌体病毒的选择[8]，宿主微生物群将随着时间的推移而变化，但每个过程的相对作用尚不清楚。先前的宏基因组方法证实了感染宿主微生物群的细菌的存在[8，9]，并且实验室中细菌和噬菌体群体的实验性共同进化已经证明了随着时间的推移快速的相互变化[10，11]。关键的挑战是确定在其他选择压力面前，细菌是否会影响自然界中与宿主相关的细菌群落。我用一个树细菌噬菌体系统来衡量在一个赛季的树主机的微生物群落内的噬菌体感染性和细菌抗性的相互变化。实验时移表明，细菌分离株对前一个月的裂解酶的抗性最强，对未来一个月的裂解酶的抗性最弱，这为自然界中噬菌体介导的细菌群落选择和噬菌体介导的细菌群落选择提供了明确的证据。这些相互的变化表明，大肠杆菌确实在塑造其真核宿主的微生物群方面发挥着关键作用。
It is increasingly apparent that the dynamic microbial communities of long-lived hosts affect their phenotype, including resistance to disease [1-3]. The host microbiota will change over time due to immigration of new species [4, 5], interaction with the host immune system [6, 7], and selection by bacteriophage viruses (phages) [8], but the relative roles of each process are unclear. Previous metagenomic approaches confirm the presence of phages infecting host microbiota [8, 9], and experimental coevolution of bacteria and phage populations in the laboratory has demonstrated rapid reciprocal change over time [10, 11]. The key challenge is to determine whether phages influence host-associated bacterial communities in nature, in the face of other selection pressures. I use a tree-bacteria-phage system to measure reciprocal changes in phage infectivity and bacterial resistance within microbial communities of tree hosts over one season. An experimental time shift shows that bacterial isolates are most resistant to lytic phages from the prior month and least resistant to those from the future month, providing clear evidence for both phage-mediated selection on bacterial communities and bacterial-mediated selection on phage communities in nature. These reciprocal changes suggest that phages indeed play a key role in shaping the microbiota of their eukaryotic hosts.