The loud scratch: a newly identified gesture of Sumatran orangutan mothers in the wild
The loud scratch: a newly identified gesture of Sumatran orangutan mothers in the wild
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2019.0209
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
van Schaik, Carel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frohlich, Marlen;Lee, Kevin;van Schaik, Carel P.
近些年来，灵长类动物的自我导向行为如抓挠的交流功能得到了越来越多的关注，但它们的有意使用仍然存在争议。在这里，我们通过探索野生苏门答腊猩猩“响亮的抓痕”的交流功能来解决这个问题。在以前对黑猩猩的研究的基础上，我们检验了视听响亮的抓痕在母婴旅行协调中交流使用的预测。具体地说，我们考察了个体、社会和抓痕特征是否影响了移动前抓痕的使用、有意信号使用的标记和接近反应。我们分析了在305小时的焦点跟踪期间观察到的17个个体(包括旅游母亲和她们的子女)产生的1457次抓挠行为。总而言之，我们发现，在离开之前，抓挠主要是由母亲产生的，并显示出夸张的特征。如果抓挠的人是一位母亲，那么在搬家前的抓挠过程中，同事们比在其他情况下更有可能在视觉上集中注意力。相关个体对抓痕的方法或跟随反应是通过上下文、与抓抓者(即后代)的关系和伙伴的注意状态来预测的。我们得出结论，猩猩妈妈使用响亮的抓挠作为沟通策略，以协调与婴儿的联合旅行。
The communicative function of primates self-directed behaviours like scratching has gained increasing - attention in recent years, but their intentional use is still debated. Here, we addressed this issue by exploring the communicative function of 'loud scratches' in wild Sumatran orangutans. Building on previous studies in chimpanzees, we examined the prediction that audio-visual loud scratches are used communicatively in mother- infant travel coordination. Specifically, we examined whether individual, social and scratch features affected the use of pre-move scratches, markers of intentional signal use and approach responses. We analysed a total of 1457 scratching bouts, produced by 17 individuals (including tour mothers and their dependent offspring) observed during 305 h of focal follows. Over-all, we found that scratching bouts preceded departure mainly when these were produced by mothers and showed features of exaggeration. If the scratching individual was a mother, associates were more likely to be visually attentive during pre-move scratches than in other contexts. Approach or follow responses to scratches by individuals in association were predicted by context, the relationship with the scratcher (i.e. offspring) and the associate's attentional state. We conclude that orangutan mothers use loud scratches as communicative strategies to coordinate joint travel with their infants.