Complex interactions between local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity and sex affect vulnerability to warming in a widespread marine copepod
Complex interactions between local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity and sex affect vulnerability to warming in a widespread marine copepod
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.182115
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Dam, Hans G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sasaki, Matthew;Hedberg, Sydney;Dam, Hans G.
预测种群对气候变化的反应需要了解各种因素如何影响热性能。众所周知，遗传分化会影响热性能，但性别和发育表型可塑性的影响往往没有被描述。我们采用普通的花园实验，测试了来自美国佛罗里达州和康涅狄格州两个热环境差异很大的种群的无所不在的桡足动物Acartia tonsa （Calanoida，甲壳类动物）的局部适应性、发育表型可塑性和个体性别对其热性能的影响。在两个种群中，雌性比雄性具有更高的热耐受性，而佛罗里达种群比康涅狄格州种群具有更高的热耐受性。发育表型可塑性对耐热性的影响仅在康涅狄格种群中观察到。我们的结果清楚地表明，热性能受三个测试变量的复杂相互作用的影响。忽视热性能的性别差异可能导致严重低估变暖对种群水平的影响，因为精子限制导致种群数量下降。此外，尽管低纬度种群具有更高的耐热性，但它们可能更容易受到变暖的影响，因为它们缺乏通过表型可塑性对温度升高做出反应的能力。
Predicting the response of populations to climate change requires an understanding of how various factors affect thermal performance. Genetic differentiation is well known to affect thermal performance, but the effects of sex and developmental phenotypic plasticity often go uncharacterized. We used common garden experiments to test for effects of local adaptation, developmental phenotypic plasticity and individual sex on thermal performance of the ubiquitous copepod, Acartia tonsa (Calanoida, Crustacea) from two populations strongly differing in thermal regimes (Florida and Connecticut, USA). Females had higher thermal tolerance than males in both populations, while the Florida population had higher thermal tolerance compared with the Connecticut population. An effect of developmental phenotypic plasticity on thermal tolerance was observed only in the Connecticut population. Our results show clearly that thermal performance is affected by complex interactions of the three tested variables. Ignoring sex-specific differences in thermal performance may result in a severe underestimation of population-level impacts of warming because of population decline due to sperm limitation. Furthermore, despite having a higher thermal tolerance, low-latitude populations may be more vulnerable to warming as they lack the ability to respond to increases in temperature through phenotypic plasticity.