Timing Is Everything: Age Differences in the Cognitive Control Network Are Modulated by Time of Day
Timing Is Everything: Age Differences in the Cognitive Control Network Are Modulated by Time of Day
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DOI：
10.1037/a0037243
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hasher, Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, John A. E.;Campbell, Karen L.;Hasher, Lynn
行为证据表明，基于注意力的调节分心的能力在一天中与在整个生命周期中变化的昼夜唤醒节律同步变化。使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），我们评估了注意力控制网络中的神经活动是否在一天中也会随着行为标记而变化。我们在上午或下午测试了老年人，在下午测试了年轻人，使用叠加干扰项的1-back任务，然后对干扰项进行内隐测试。行为结果重复了早期的发现，早上测试的老年人比下午测试的老年人更能忽视分心。成像结果表明，测试时间调节了老年人与任务相关的功能磁共振成像信号，当老年人在一天中的高峰时间进行测试时，年龄差异会减少。特别是，老年人在早上测试时激活的认知控制区域与年轻人激活的相似（吻侧前额叶和上级顶叶皮层），而老年人在下午测试时则有可靠的不同;此外，参与者能够激活上述控制区域的程度与抑制分散注意力的信息的能力有关。
Behavioral evidence suggests that the attention-based ability to regulate distraction varies across the day in synchrony with a circadian arousal rhythm that changes across the life span. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed whether neural activity in an attention control network also varies across the day and with behavioral markers. We tested older adults in the morning or afternoon and younger adults tested in the afternoon using a 1-back task with superimposed distractors, followed by an implicit test for the distractors. Behavioral results replicated earlier findings with older adults tested in the morning better able to ignore distraction than those tested in the afternoon. Imaging results showed that time of testing modulates task-related fMRI signals in older adults and that age differences were reduced when older adults are tested at peak times of day. In particular, older adults tested in the morning activated similar cognitive control regions to those activated by young adults (rostral prefrontal and superior parietal cortex), whereas older adults tested in the afternoon were reliably different; furthermore, the degree to which participants were able to activate the control regions listed above correlated with the ability to suppress distracting information.