Power-to-ammonia in future North European 100 % renewable power and heat system
Power-to-ammonia in future North European 100 % renewable power and heat system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.121
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Jussi Ikäheimo;J. Kiviluoma;R. Weiss;H. Holttinen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jussi Ikäheimo;J. Kiviluoma;R. Weiss;H. Holttinen
对于可变可再生能源比例高的能源系统，经常建议采用电力制天然气和其他化学品储存。在这里，我们研究了北欧电力和区域供热系统与替代长期存储，电力到氨（P2 A）技术。假设完全可再生能源电力和热力部门以及道路运输的大规模电气化，我们将重点放在2050年，同时优化风电，太阳能，水电和火电，储能以及输电的容量投资和调度。我们发现，P2 A有三个主要作用：它提供了可再生的原料，化肥工业，它有助于显着的系统平衡在时间（能量存储）和空间（能量转移）。在所研究的情景中，基于电力的氨生产的边际成本在431至528欧元/吨之间变化，这在最近的氨价格范围内。P2 A工厂的成本主要由电解决定。在电力和热力行业，根据我们的成本假设，只有当天然气价格或二氧化碳排放价格上涨超过70欧元/兆瓦时或200欧元/吨二氧化碳时，P2 A才能与化石天然气相比具有竞争力。
Power-to-gas and other chemicals-based storages are often suggested for energy systems with high shares of variable renewable energy. Here we study the North European power and district heat system with alternative long-term storage, the power-to-ammonia (P2A) technology. Assuming fully renewable power and heat sectors and large-scale electrification of road transport, we perform simultaneous optimization of capacity investments and dispatch scheduling of wind, solar, hydro and thermal power, energy storages as well as transmission, focusing on year 2050. We find that P2A has three major roles: it provides renewable feedstock to fertilizer industry and it contributes significantly to system balancing over both time (energy storage) and space (energy transfer). The marginal cost of power-based ammonia production in the studied scenarios varied between 431 and 528 €/t, which is in the range of recent ammonia prices. Costs of P2A plants were dominated by electrolysis. In the power and heat sector, with our cost assumptions, P2A becomes competitive compared to fossil natural gas only if gas price or CO2emission price rises above 70 €/MWh or 200 €/tCO2.