A Catastrophic Failure to Build a Massive Galaxy around a Supermassive Black Hole at z = 3.84
A Catastrophic Failure to Build a Massive Galaxy around a Supermassive Black Hole at z = 3.84
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ab2cd3
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发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Schramm;W. Rujopakarn;J. Silverman;Tohru Nagao;A. Schulze;Masayuki Akiyama;H. Ikeda;K. Ohta;J. Kotilainen
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作者：
M. Schramm;W. Rujopakarn;J. Silverman;Tohru Nagao;A. Schulze;Masayuki Akiyama;H. Ikeda;K. Ohta;J. Kotilainen
我们观测了SDSS J163909+282447.1的恒星和分子气体质量，SDSS J163909+282447.1是一个z = 3.84的发光类星体，具有超大质量黑洞的极端质量（SMBH; MBH = 2.5 × 1010 M）。局部SMBH质量-星系质量关系预测该类星体有一个Mstellar 1012 M⊙的大质量宿主星系。基于斯巴鲁使用自适应光学（AO）的敏感近红外成像，来自主机的恒星光未被检测到，因此导致质量上限为Mstellar < 6.3 × 1010 M <$，比预期小1016倍。阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米波阵列在0.“2分辨率下对CO（4 − 3）的观测表明，CO的分子气体质量为M，动力学质量在0.45 ± 0.2 kpc的半径范围内为M。当SMBH占动力学质量的60%时，考虑到分子气体的数量，我们发现恒星质量的上限是Mstellar = 1.5 × 1010 M <$，这个值与Subaru AO成像的极限一致。基于这些结果，这个SMBH拥有已知的最大的宿主恒星质量赤字之一;因此，目前还不清楚如何将SMBH/宿主星系发展到这样的状态，因为没有足够的分子气体形成大量的恒星质量来弥补差异。任何物理模型都可能需要在SMBH上的超爱丁顿吸积的早期阶段。
We present observations of the stellar and molecular gas mass of SDSS J163909+282447.1, a luminous quasar at z = 3.84 with an extreme mass for a supermassive black hole (SMBH; MBH = 2.5 × 1010 M⊙). The local SMBH mass–galaxy mass relation predicts a massive host galaxy with Mstellar ≳ 1012 M⊙ for this quasar. Based on sensitive near-infrared imaging with adaptive optics (AO) using Subaru, the stellar light from the host is undetected, thus resulting in an upper limit on the mass, Mstellar < 6.3 × 1010 M⊙, a factor of ≳16 less than expected. The CO(4 − 3) observations at 0.″2 resolution using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array indicate a molecular gas mass from CO of M⊙ and a dynamical mass within a radius of 0.45 ± 0.2 kpc of M⊙. With the SMBH accounting for ∼60% of the dynamical mass and considering the amount of molecular gas, we find an upper limit on the stellar mass to be Mstellar ≲ 1.5 × 1010 M⊙, a value consistent with the limit from Subaru AO imaging. Based on these results, this SMBH has one of the largest host stellar mass deficits known given its SMBH mass; hence, it is unclear how to grow a SMBH/host galaxy to such a state since there is not enough molecular gas available to form a substantial amount of stellar mass to make up for the difference. Any physical model is likely to require an earlier phase of super-Eddington accretion onto the SMBH.