The genetic diversity of planktic foraminifera and the global distribution of ribosomal RNA genotypes
The genetic diversity of planktic foraminifera and the global distribution of ribosomal RNA genotypes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.009
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Wade, Christopher M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darling, Kate F.;Wade, Christopher M.
海洋沉积物中的浮游有孔虫化石在我们过去对海洋环境的理解中起着无与伦比的作用。深入了解它们在现代海洋中的多样性、生态学和生物地理学，是解释化石组合的核心。与底栖动物相比，浮游有孔虫的多样性非常有限，只有大约50种现存形态。它们的形态物种多样性在亚热带达到顶峰，向两极急剧下降。传统的物种概念基于测试形状将形态类型划分为不同的物种（morphospecies），但遗传学研究表明，个体形态物种实际上是几种离散遗传类型（genotype）的复合体。许多这些基因型具有独特的生态和新的适应，与物种水平的分类一致，表明浮游有孔虫的真正多样性被大大低估了。尽管浮游有孔虫显然具有远距离传播的能力，但它们可能受到物理和生态障碍的限制，这些障碍根据形态物种内个体基因型的进化历史和生态而变化。这些差异导致了生物地理学的多样性。在这里，我们概述了迄今为止浮游有孔虫的遗传和生物地理数据，并提出了全球生物地理学，重点介绍了8种浮游有孔虫形态种的遗传类型分布，并提供了详细的分子证据。(c) 2008 Elsevier B.V.版权所有。
Fossil planktic foraminifers in the ocean sediments play an unparalleled role in our understanding of the oceanographic environment in the past. An in depth knowledge of their diversity, ecology and biogeography in the modem ocean lies central to the interpretation of the fossil assemblages. In comparison with their benthic counterparts, planktic foraminifera have a very limited diversity of around fifty extant morphospecies. Their morphospecies diversity peaks in the sub-tropics and decreases steeply towards the poles. Traditional species concepts have partitioned morphological types into distinct species (morphospecies) based on test shape, but genetic studies show that individual morphospecies are actually complexes of several discrete genetic types (genotypes). Many of these genotypes have distinct ecologies and novel adaptations that are consistent with species-level classification, indicating that the true diversity of planktic foraminifers has been greatly underestimated. Although planktic foraminifera are clearly capable of long-distance dispersal, they may be constrained by both physical and ecological barriers that vary according to the evolutionary history and ecology of the individual genotypes within a morphospecies. These differences lead to diverse biogeographies. Here, we provide an overview of the genetic and biogeographic data available to date for the planktic foraminifera and present global biogeographies highlighting the distribution of genetic types in the eight planktic foraminiferal morphospecies for which detailed molecular evidence is available. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.