What are the main factors influencing the presence of faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems in developing countries?
What are the main factors influencing the presence of faecal bacteria pollution in groundwater systems in developing countries?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103556
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Sanchez-Vila, Xavier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ferrer, Nuria;Folch, Albert;Sanchez-Vila, Xavier
地下水是发展中国家大多数农村地区饮用水的主要来源。这一资源受到来自各种来源和污染途径的潜在粪便细菌的威胁，前者包括化粪池、垃圾填埋场和未经处理或处理不足的污水排放的作物灌溉。准确评估水资源的微生物安全性对于减少因接触水传播的粪便而引起的疾病至关重要。本研究的目的是通过统计多元分析，找出影响地下水中粪便细菌污染存在的最重要的卫生、水文地质、地球化学和物理变量。在肯尼亚沿海农村地区的一些不同类型的供水点测量了小马埃希氏菌的浓度，评估了旱季和雨季。分析结果再次证实，井的设计及其维护、与厕所的距离以及取水点的地质结构是影响大肠杆菌存在的最重要变量。最值得注意的是，研究区粪便细菌的存在与Na+离子浓度（作为研究地点快速补给的间接指标）呈负相关，与井内水柱长度呈负相关。
Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in most rural areas in developing countries. This resource is threatened by the potential presence of faecal bacteria coming from a variety of sources and pollution paths, the former including septic tanks, landfills, and crop irrigation with untreated, or insufficiently treated, sewage effluent. Accurately assessing the microbiological safety of water resources is essential to reduce diseases caused by waterborne faecal exposure. The objective of this study is to discern which are the most significant sanitary, hydrogeological, geochemical, and physical variables influencing the presence of faecal bacterial pollution in groundwater by means of statistical multivariate analyses. The concentration of Escherichia colt was measured in a number of waterpoints of different types in a rural area located in the coast of Kenya, assessing both a dry and a wet season. The results from the analyses reaffirm that the design of the well and their maintenance, the distance to latrines, and the geological structure of the waterpoints are the most significant variables affecting the presence of E. coli. Most notably, the presence of faecal bacteria in the study area correlates negatively with the concentration of ion Na+ (being an indirect indicator of fast recharge in the study site), and also negatively with the length of the water column inside the well.