COMPULSIVE GAMBLERS SPIRAL OF OPTIONS AND INVOLVEMENT
COMPULSIVE GAMBLERS SPIRAL OF OPTIONS AND INVOLVEMENT
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DOI：
10.1080/00332747.1979.11024008
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
LESIEUR, HR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LESIEUR, HR
对强迫性赌博的兴趣主要局限于精神分析取向的研究者（Freud，1961; Bergler，1970; Halliday and Fuller，1974）。以各种形式呈现的肛门注视性神经症模型对于它所面对的赌徒来说是陌生的。我所认识的赌徒都对这种模式所暗示的赌博和赌博世界的缺乏理解感到惊讶。然而，这与伯格勒的症状总结（第7页）不太相符，这对我采访的赌徒来说是真实的：（1）赌博是他生活中典型的、慢性的、重复的经历。(2)赌博像海绵一样吸收了他所有的其他兴趣。(3)赌徒对赢总是病态地乐观，输了也从不“吸取教训”。(4)赌徒赢了就停不下来。(5)不管他最初多么谨慎，真正的赌徒最终冒的风险超过了他的承受能力。(6)赌徒寻求并享受一种神秘的刺激，这种刺激无法用逻辑来解释，因为它是由痛苦和快乐混合而成的。虽然赌徒们声称赌博的快乐和痛苦让他们兴奋，但他们关注的是金钱和报复;精神分析学家对后者轻描淡写，其他研究人员则关注强迫性赌徒中常见的人格因素（Roston，1961;利文斯顿，1974）。他们表明，赌徒比非赌徒更自恋和权力导向。因为这些研究，就像大部分的人格研究一样，都是建立在人格调查的基础上的，所以没有办法判断赌徒在变得强迫性之前或之后是否是权力导向和自恋的。第三组研究者在研究赌博文化时，只简短地提到了强迫性赌徒（Scott，1968; Bloch，1951）。强迫性赌徒在赌博的社会世界中被视为一个未经研究的离经叛道者。本报告中的材料并非旨在解释强迫性赌博。我并不假装要反驳精神分析或人格理论家。相反，我描述的是从赌徒变成赌徒的人在职业生涯中所发生的变化。这里所描述的一些东西增加了已经存在的关于强迫的知识。
INTEREST in compulsive gambling has been chiefly restricted to psychoanalytically oriented researchers (Freud, 1961; Bergler, 1970; Halliday and Fuller, 1974). The model of anally fixated neurosis that is presented in various guises is alien to the gamblers it deals with. The gamblers I have known have been amazed at the lack of understanding of gambling and the gambling world that this model implies. However, this tends to be less true with Bergler's summary of symptoms (p. 7), which rings true to the gamblers I interviewed:(1) Gambling is a typical, chronic, and repetitive experience in his life.(2) Gambling absorbs all his other interests like a sponge.(3) The gambler is pathologically optimistic about winning and never" learns his lesson" when he loses.(4) The gambler cannot stop when he is winning.(5) No matter how great his initial caution, the true gambler eventually risks more than he can afford.(6) The gambler seeks and enjoys an enigmatic thrill which cannot be logically explained, since it is compounded of as much pain as pleasure. While the gamblers state that the pleasurable and painful aspects of gambling excite them, they concentrate on money and getting even; the psychoanalysts underplay the latter aspect.Other researchers have focused on the personality factors common among compulsive gamblers (Roston, 1961; Livingston, 1974). They show that gamblers are more narcissistic and power oriented than nongamblers. Because these studies, like the bulk of personality studies, are based on personality inventories there is no way of telling whether the gamblers are power oriented and narcissistic before they become compulsive or after. A third group of researchers mentions the compulsive gambler only briefly (Scott, 1968; Bloch, 1951), in connection with studies of gambling culture. The compulsive gambler is seen as an unstudied deviant in the social world of gambling. The material presented in this report is not intended as an explanation of compulsive gambling. I do not pretend to be refuting the psychoanalytic or the personality theorists. Rather, I describe the changes that take place in the career of the person turned compulsive gambler. Some of what is described here adds to the already existing knowledge of the compulsion.