Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology
Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology
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DOI：
10.1079/phn2002368
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Bingham, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bingham, SA
目的：阐明在复杂疾病的基因-环境相互作用研究中，可用于验证饮食摄入量估计的饮食生物标志物。设计：前瞻性队列研究，饮食受到严格控制的生物标志物研究。地点：自由生活的个体，穿着新陈代谢服的志愿者。受试者：男性和女性志愿者。结果：最近的研究表明，使用生物标志物的测量误差程度与其他饮食评估方法得出的测量误差程度有显著差异。到目前为止，营养和遗传因素之间的相互作用在很大程度上还没有得到调查，但可以在包括生物材料收集在内的流行病学试验中进行研究。研究交互作用需要大样本量，在存在测量误差的情况下，这些样本量会变得更大。结论：饮食在影响人类大多数慢性病风险方面起着关键作用。营养流行病学提供了量化风险的唯一直接方法。引入生物标记物来校正饮食报告中的测量误差，并作为暴露的额外衡量标准，是努力改进对饮食在影响人群中个人疾病风险方面的贡献的估计的一项重大发展。测量误差的大小对回归稀释校正和样本量校正具有重要意义。收集生物样本以改进和验证暴露估计，加强对科学假设的追求，并使基因-营养相互作用得以研究，应成为营养流行病学的常规做法。
Objective: To illustrate biomarkers of diet that can be used to validate estimates of dietary intake in the study of gene-environment interactions in complex diseases.Design: Prospective cohort studies, studies of biomarkers where diet is carefully controlled.Setting: Free-living individuals, volunteers in metabolic suites.Subjects: Male and female human volunteers.Results: Recent studies using biomarkers have demonstrated substantial differences in the extent of measurement error from those derived by comparison with other methods of dietary assessment. The interaction between nutritional and genetic factors has so far largely gone uninvestigated, but can be studied in epidemiological trials that include collections of biological material. Large sample sizes are required to study interactions, and these are made larger in the presence of measurement errors.Conclusions: Diet is of key importance in affecting the risk of most chronic diseases in man. Nutritional epidemiology provides the only direct approach to the quantification of risks. The introduction of biomarkers to calibrate the measurement error in dietary reports, and as additional measures of exposure, is a significant development in the effort to improve estimates of the magnitude of the contribution of diet in affecting individual disease risk within populations. The extent of measurement error has important implications for correction for regression dilution and for sample size. The collection of biological samples to improve and validate estimates of exposure, enhance the pursuit of scientific hypotheses, and enable gene-nutrient interactions to be studied, should become the routine in nutritional epidemiology.