The panorama in Meiji Japan: horizontal and vertical perspectives

The panorama in Meiji Japan: horizontal and vertical perspectives
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日本明治全景:水平和垂直视角

DOI:
10.1080/17460654.2021.2016212
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
0.2
通讯作者:
Machiko Kusahara
Machiko Kusahara
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Machiko Kusahara

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全景画于1890年传入日本,当时正值封建社会崩溃20年之后。不仅水平360度视角对日本观众来说是新奇,而且透视画的现实主义油画也是如此。同年,在毗邻的浅草和上野两个主要全景霍尔斯所在的地区,建立了一座12层的观景塔,并进行了第一次热气球升空。这些景观为大众提供了新的视觉体验,他们正在体验向他们开放的旅行和职业选择自由的新世界。换句话说,随着世纪晚期现代性的到来,人们的目光在横向和纵向上都得到了扩展。这一时期,日本正处于快速的现代化进程中,目标是追赶西方列强。与此同时,支持自由和公民权利价值观的日本民主运动在全国范围内蔓延,其理论家是促进现代文化娱乐形式的文化人物-包括全景。然而,明治天皇早期关于建立民主社会的承诺很快就被日本君主制的追求所取代。1890年的《日本帝国宪法》结束了民主运动和表达自由。本文通过对全景及其环境中的视觉文化的挖掘,对世纪后期的日本氛围提供了另一种观点。
The panorama was introduced to Japan in 1890, two decades after the collapse of the feudal society. Not only the horizontal 360-degree view was a novelty for Japanese audiences, but also the realistic oil paintings drawn in perspective. In the same year, a 12-story viewing tower was erected and the first hot air balloon ascent took place, both in the adjacent Asakusa and Ueno districts where the two major panorama halls stood. These spectacles offered new visual experiences to the masses who were experiencing the new world that had opened to them with the freedom of travel and choice of profession. In other words, with the arrival of late-nineteenth century modernity, people’s gaze expanded both horizontally and vertically. During this period, Japan was in the midst of a rapid process of modernization, aiming at catching up with the Western Great Powers. Concurrently, the Japanese Democracy movement that endorsed values of liberty and civil rights had spread nationwide, and its theorists were among cultural figures who promoted modern and cultural entertainment forms – including the panorama. However, the earlier promises of the Meiji Emperor on creating a democratic society were soon replaced by the pursuit of Japanese Monarchy. The Constitution of the Empire of Japan in 1890 put an end to the Democracy movement and to the freedom of expression. Excavating the visual culture around the panorama and its environment, this article offers an alternative viewpoint on the atmosphere of Japan in the late nineteenth century.
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