Phonotactic knowledge and lexical-semantic processing in one-year-olds: Brain responses to words and nonsense words in picture contexts
Phonotactic knowledge and lexical-semantic processing in one-year-olds: Brain responses to words and nonsense words in picture contexts
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DOI：
10.1162/089892905774589172
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Friederici, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedrich, M;Friederici, AD
在他们生命的第一年中，婴儿不仅获得了有关其母语的语音，韵律和语音组织的概率知识，而且还开始建立第一个词汇 - 语义表达。本研究调查了对语音规律的敏感性及其对1岁儿童语义处理的影响。我们将与事件相关的大脑电位的方法应用于12个月和19个月大的儿童以及成人对照组。在查看已知对象的图片时，主题听取了语音法律（伪单词）或语音词性非法单词（非单词）或与图片内容不协调的真实单词（非单词）或真实单词。在19个月大的人和成年人中，单词和伪单词不协调，但不是非字，引起了已知的N400，已知反映了单词的机制，语义整合。对于一致的话，N400被语义启动减弱。相比之下，12个月大的人没有显示N400的差异，伪单词和非单词之间的差异也不是不协调和一致的单词之间的差异。 1岁的团体和成年人都表现出对矛盾的单词的词汇启动效果，也就是说，在单词发作后大约100毫秒开始的负面影响。此外，一岁的孩子表现出了一种语音熟悉效果，也就是说，在19个月大的250毫秒左右开始，分布量广泛，但在12个月大的孩子中发生。结果表明，词汇启动和音调熟悉度都已经影响12个月大的儿童的声学刺激的处理。在19个月大的孩子中，存在类似成人语义整合的机制是为了响应语音上的法律，但不是在语音上是非法的，无意义的单词，表明该年龄段的儿童将伪有伪有，但不是非单词，而不是非单词潜在的候选人。
During their first year of life, infants not only acquire probabilistic knowledge about the phonetic, prosodic, and phonotactic organization of their native language, but also begin to establish first lexical-semantic representations. The present study investigated the sensitivity to phonotactic regularities and its impact on semantic processing in 1-year-olds. We applied the method of event-related brain potentials to 12- and 19-month-old children and to an adult control group. While looking at pictures of known objects, subjects listened to spoken nonsense words that were phonotactically legal (pseudowords) or had phonotactically illegal word onsets (nonwords), or to real words that were either congruous or, incongruous to the picture contents. In 19-month-olds and in adults, incongruous words and pseudowords, but not non-words, elicited an N400 known to reflect mechanisms of words, semantic integration. For congruous words, the N400 was attenuated by semantic priming. In contrast, 12-month-olds did not show an N400 difference, neither between pseudo- and nonwords nor between incongruous and congruous words. Both 1-year-old groups and adults additionally displayed a lexical priming effect for congruous words, that is, a negativity starting around 100 msec after words onset. One-year-olds, moreover, displayed a phonotactic familiarity effect, that is, a widely distributed negativity starting around 250 msec in 19-month-olds but occurring later in 12-month-olds. The results imply that both lexical priming and phonotactic familiarity already affect the processing of acoustic stimuli in children at 12 months of age. In 19-month-olds, adult-like mechanisms of semantic integration are present in response to phonotactically legal, but not to phonotactically illegal, non-sense words, indicating that children at this age treat pseudo- sense pseudowords, but not nonwords, as potential word candidates.