Mutation of a single threonine in the cytoplasmic NH2 terminus disrupts trafficking of renal betaine-GABA transporter 1 during hypertonic stress.

Mutation of a single threonine in the cytoplasmic NH2 terminus disrupts trafficking of renal betaine-GABA transporter 1 during hypertonic stress.
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细胞质 NH2 末端的单个苏氨酸突变会扰乱高渗应激期间肾脏甜菜碱-GABA 转运蛋白 1 的运输

DOI:
10.1152/ajprenal.00085.2014
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Burckhardt BC
Burckhardt BC
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schweikhard ES;Kempson SA;Ziegler C;Burckhardt BC

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甜菜碱是一种重要的渗透剂,与其他器官相比,在肾脏中的含量要丰富得多,在肾脏中,甜菜碱通过甜菜碱-GABA 转运蛋白 1 (BGT1) 进入髓质细胞,以平衡逆流系统中的渗透调节。在表达野生型 (wt-)BGT1 的卵母细胞中,通过将卵母细胞与 100 nM PMA 或 5 μM 二辛酰-sn-甘油(PKC 激活剂)预孵育,GABA 介导的电流减弱,而在应用二辛酰-sn-甘油之前应用星形孢菌素可恢复对 GABA 的反应。通过定点诱变将 BGT1 上的四个潜在磷酸化位点突变为丙氨酸。三种突变体(T235A、S428A 和 S564A)诱发的 GABA 电流与在表达 wt-BGT1 的卵母细胞中观察到的电流相当,而 T40A 中的 GABA 电流几乎检测不到。还在表达具有相同突变的增强型绿色荧光蛋白 (EGFP) 标记的 BGT1 的人胚胎肾 293 细胞中测定了 [3H]GABA 的摄取。 T235A、S428A 和 S564A 表现出与 EGFP-wt-BGT1 类似的高渗应激后 GABA 摄取的上调和 PMA 的下调。相比之下,T40A 对高渗或 PMA 均没有反应。 Madin-Darby 犬肾细胞中表达的 EGFP-BGT1 突变体的共聚焦显微镜显示,在高渗应激 24 小时后,T40A 存在于细胞质中。而其他突变体和 EGFP-wt-BGT1 则位于质膜中。所有突变体,包括 T40A,在蛋白质印迹上与 wt-BGT1 共迁移,表明它们是全长蛋白质。然而,正如使用特定抗磷酸抗体所揭示的那样,T40A 不能被磷酸化,因此,T40 对于 BGT1 在质膜中的运输和插入可能很重要。
Betaine is an important osmolyte and is, compared with other organs, much more abundant in the kidneys, where it enters cells in the medulla by betaine-GABA transporter 1 (BGT1) to balance osmoregulation in the countercurrent system. In wild-type (wt-)BGT1-expressing oocytes, GABA-mediated currents were diminished by preincubation of oocytes with 100 nM PMA or 5 μM dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, activators of PKC, whereas the application of staurosporine before the application of dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol restored the response to GABA. Four potential phosphorylation sites on BGT1 were mutated to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. Three mutants (T235A, S428A, and S564A) evoked GABA currents comparable in magnitude to currents observed in wt-BGT1-expressing oocytes, whereas GABA currents in T40A were barely detectable. Uptake of [3H]GABA was also determined in human embryonic kidney-293 cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged BGT1 with the same mutations. T235A, S428A, and S564A showed upregulation of GABA uptake after hypertonic stress and downregulation by PMA similar to EGFP-wt-BGT1. In contrast, T40A did not respond to either hypertonicity or PMA. Confocal microscopy of the EGFP-BGT1 mutants expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells revealed that T40A was present in the cytoplasm after 24 h of hypertonic stress. whereas the other mutants and EGFP-wt-BGT1 were in the plasma membrane. All mutants, including T40A, comigrated with wt-BGT1 on Western blots, suggesting that they are full-length proteins. T40A, however, cannot be phosphorylated, as revealed using a specific anti-phosphoantibody, and, therefore, T40 may be important for the trafficking and insertion of BGT1 in the plasma membrane.
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