Applications and societal benefits of plastics
Applications and societal benefits of plastics
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2008.0304
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发表时间：
2009-07-27
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Neal, Mike A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrady, Anthony L.;Neal, Mike A.
这篇文章解释了从公元前1600年到2008年，今天被称为“塑料”的材料的历史。它包括五种主要商品塑料的生产量和当前的消费模式：聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。描述了使用添加剂来改变这些塑料的性能，以及所得到的聚合物材料在使用中的任何相关安全问题。与其他材料的热性能和阻隔性进行了比较，以证明塑料的多功能性。阐述了塑料在健康、安全、节能、节材等方面的社会效益，概述了塑料在社会中的独特优势。还介绍了与乱扔垃圾有关的问题和塑料回收的趋势。最后，我们对塑料在未来20年的一些潜在应用进行了预测。
This article explains the history, from 1600 BC to 2008, of materials that are today termed 'plastics'. It includes production volumes and current consumption patterns of five main commodity plastics: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate. The use of additives to modify the properties of these plastics and any associated safety, in use, issues for the resulting polymeric materials are described. A comparison is made with the thermal and barrier properties of other materials to demonstrate the versatility of plastics. Societal benefits for health, safety, energy saving and material conservation are described, and the particular advantages of plastics in society are outlined. Concerns relating to littering and trends in recycling of plastics are also described. Finally, we give predictions for some of the potential applications of plastic over the next 20 years.