Pharmaceuticals, hormones and bisphenol A in untreated source and finished drinking water in Ontario, Canada - and treatment efficiency
Pharmaceuticals, hormones and bisphenol A in untreated source and finished drinking water in Ontario, Canada - and treatment efficiency
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.010
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发表时间：
2011-03-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Whitehead, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kleywegt, Sonya;Pileggi, Vince;Whitehead, Brian
安大略省环境部（MOE）于2006年对新出现的有机污染物（EOCs）进行了调查，其中包括药物、激素和双酚a （BPA）。该调查在16个月的时间内从选定的水源和17个饮用水系统（DWSs）中收集了258个样本，并使用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和同位素稀释质谱（IDMS）对48个EOCs进行了分析，以获得尽可能高的分析数据精度和准确性。48种目标EOCs中有27种在水源水、饮用水成品中或两者中检测到。利用河流和湖泊水源水体的DWSs占检测总量的90%。在27例EOCs中，我们还报道了首次在环境样品中检测到罗红霉素和恩诺沙星两种抗生素。成品饮用水中检出最多的化合物（>= 10%）为卡马西平（CBZ）、吉非罗齐（GFB）、布洛芬（IBU）和BPA；利用IDMS准确测定了它们的浓度，并计算出它们的浓度比源水中的浓度低4到10倍。通过比较植物特异性数据，我们确定了安大略省DWSs中这四种最常检测到的化合物的去除效率（RE）。采用颗粒活性炭（GAC）测定了DWSs中CBZ的回收率为71 ~ 93%；采用GAC加紫外线照射（UV）的DWSs为75%。使用GAC的DWSs中观察到GFB的RE在44 - 55%之间，当GAC随后使用UV时，其RE增加到82%。使用GAC或GAC后再使用UV可使SPA的RE从80%提高到99%。这些检测到的浓度水平远低于文献中报道的预测无影响浓度或总允许浓度。需要进行其他针对性的、特定地点的比较研究，以充分评估安大略省DWSs去除特定关注化合物的有效性。(C) 2011 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
The Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) conducted a survey in 2006 on emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) which included pharmaceuticals, hormones and bisphenol A (BPA). The survey collected 258 samples over a 16 month period from selected source waters and 17 drinking water systems (DWSs), and analyzed them for 48 EOCs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) for the highest precision and accuracy of analytical data possible. 27 of the 48 target EOCs were detected in source water, finished drinking water, or both. DWSs using river and lake source water accounted for > 90% detections. Of the 27 EOCs found, we also reported the first detection of two antibiotics roxithromycin and enrofloxacin in environmental samples. The most frequently detected compounds (>= 10%) in finished drinking water were carbamazepine (CBZ), gemfibrozil (GFB), ibuprofen (IBU), and BPA; with their concentrations accurately determined by using IDMS and calculated to be 4 to 10 times lower than those measured in the source water. Comparison of plant specific data allowed us to determine removal efficiency (RE) of these four most frequently detected compounds in Ontario DWSs. The RE of CBZ was determined to be from 71 to 93% for DWSs using granulated activated carbon (GAC); and was 75% for DWSs using GAC followed by ultraviolet irradiation (UV). The observed RE of GFB was between 44 and 55% in DWSs using GAC and increased to 82% when GAC was followed by UV. The use of GAC or GAC followed by UV provided an RE improvement of SPA from 80 to 99%. These detected concentration levels are well below the predicted no effect concentration or total allowable concentration reported in the literature. Additional targeted, site specific comparative research is required to fully assess the effectiveness of Ontario DWSs to remove particular compounds of concern. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.