Induced Plant Defenses Against Herbivory in Cultivated and Wild Tomato
Induced Plant Defenses Against Herbivory in Cultivated and Wild Tomato
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-019-01090-4
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Felton, Gary W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paudel, Sulav;Lin, Po-An;Felton, Gary W.
作物的驯化和选择性育种改变了植物的防御机制，影响了昆虫-植物的相互作用。在驯化的物种中，植物对植食性的抗性/耐受性通常会降低，然而，在野生和驯化基因型之间比较植物防御的诱导方面所做的努力有限。本研究以3种不同的番茄基因型为材料，研究了几种植物防御机制（如防御性化学物质、毛状体、植物挥发物）的诱导作用，并测定了玉米实夜蛾（Helicoverpa zea）的表现和选择性。（登录号LA 2093），B）樱桃番茄，S.番茄属变种cerasiforme（登录Matts Wild Cherry），和c）栽培番茄，S.番茄属变种Better Boy）.增强诱导防御化学物质，毛状体，和植物挥发物在栽培番茄，和一个较高水平的组成型植物抗草食动物在野生型。当比较受损叶片与未受损叶片的反应时，来自栽培番茄的受损叶片上的幼虫生长的减少百分比更高，表明与其他两种基因型相比具有更高的诱导抗性。虽然所有的番茄基因型表现出增加的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的排放量在响应草食动物，栽培品种响应一般较高水平的VOCs。挥发性有机化合物模式的差异可能会影响产卵的偏好，H。与野生番茄基因型相比，玉米雌蛾明显更喜欢在栽培番茄基因型上产卵。在驯化和选择性育种过程中对性状的选择可以改变资源的分配，其中被选择用于更高产量表现的植物仅在受到攻击时才将资源分配给防御。
Crop domestication and selective breeding have altered plant defense mechanisms, influencing insect-plant interactions. A reduction in plant resistance/tolerance against herbivory is generally expected in domesticated species, however, limited efforts have been made to compare inducibility of plant defenses between wild and domesticated genotypes. In the present study, the inducibility of several plant defense mechanisms (e.g. defensive chemicals, trichomes, plant volatiles) were investigated, and the performance and preference of the herbivore Helicoverpa zea were measured in three different tomato genotypes; a) wild tomato, Solanum pimpinellifolium L. (accession LA 2093), b) cherry tomato, S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (accession Matts Wild Cherry), and c) cultivated tomato, S. lycopersicum L. var. Better Boy). Enhanced inducibility of defensive chemicals, trichomes, and plant volatiles in the cultivated tomato, and a higher level of constitutive plant resistance against herbivory in the wild genotype was observed. When comparing the responses of damaged vs. undamaged leaves, the percent reduction in larval growth was higher on damaged leaves from cultivated tomato, suggesting a higher induced resistance compared to other two genotypes. While all tomato genotypes exhibited increased volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions in response to herbivory, the cultivated variety responded with generally higher levels of VOCs. Differences in VOC patterns may have influenced the ovipositional preferences, as H. zea female moths significantly preferred laying eggs on the cultivated versus the wild tomato genotypes. Selection of traits during domestication and selective breeding could alter allocation of resources, where plants selected for higher yield performance would allocate resources to defense only when attacked.