Mechanisms of drug-resistance transfer in Bacteroides fragilis.
Mechanisms of drug-resistance transfer in Bacteroides fragilis.
复制标题
脆弱拟杆菌耐药性转移机制。
DOI：
10.1093/jac/8.suppl_d.59
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Tally
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Malamy;F. Tally
抗生素在医学和农业中的广泛使用伴随着对高浓度这些物质具有抗性的细菌的分离。对于需氧细菌，已经记录了多种方法，包括接合、转导和转化，这些方法导致决定抗生素抗性的基因转移或扩散到相同或相关物种的抗生素敏感细胞。迄今为止，最广泛且记录最齐全的耐药决定簇转移系统涉及由称为耐药转移因子或 R 因子的质粒介导的接合。直到最近，拟杆菌中的抗生素耐药性才得到了适当的研究。由于染色体编码的/Mactamase 的存在，大多数拟杆菌菌株对低浓度（8-64 mg/1）的某些/Mactam 抗生素具有抗药性（Olsson、Dornbusch & Nord，1979）。此外，所有拟杆菌都对氨基糖苷类抗生素具有抗性，因为这些药物不会转运到这些细胞内部（Martin、Gardner & Washington，1972）。然而，人们已经认识到对某些抗生素的耐药性，这些抗生素以前在治疗脆弱拟杆菌感染方面非常有效。所有脆弱拟杆菌分离株中超过 60% 具有四环素抗性（tetO，而在 1960 年之前，对该药物的抗性很少见（Sutter，Kwok 和 Finegold，1972）。此外，正在出现对克林霉素和红霉素（din1）具有抗性的脆弱拟杆菌菌株（Salaki 等人，1976）。最近甚至有报道称，最近注意到，密歇根州底特律的三家医院和伊利诺伊大学医院的外科病房中存在克林霉素耐药拟杆菌（Bawdon 等，1979；Marsh 等，1981）。
The wide-spread use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has been accompanied by the isolation of bacteria resistant to high concentrations of these substances. For aerobic bacteria, several methods, including conjugation, transduction and transformation, have been documented which lead to the transfer or spread of genes determining antibiotic resistance to antibiotic sensitive cells of the same or related species. By far the most widespread and best-documented system for the transfer of resistance determinants involves conjugation mediated by plasmids which are called resistancetransfer factors or R-factors.Only recently has antibiotic resistance been properly studied in Bacteroides. Most strains of Bacteroides are resistant to some of the/Mactam antibiotics at low concentrations (8-64 mg/1) due to the presence of chromosomally encoded/Mactamases (Olsson, Dornbusch & Nord, 1979). In addition all Bacteroides are resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotics, since these agents are not transported to the interior of these cells (Martin, Gardner & Washington, 1972). However, resistance to certain antibiotics, previously highly effective in the treatment of Bacteroides fragilis infections, has been recognized. More than 60% of all B. fragilis isolates are tetracycline resistant (tetO whereas before 1960 resistance to this drug was rare (Sutter, Kwok & Finegold, 1972). In addition, B. fragilis strains resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin (din1) are appearing (Salaki et ah, 1976). There have even been recent reports of epidemics of clindamycin-resistant Bacteroides in three hospitals in Detroit, Michigan and on the surgical wards of the University of Illinois Hospital (Bawdon et ah, 1979; Marsh et al., 1981). An increased incidence of high level/Mactam resistance, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)> 128 mg/1, in Bacteroides has been noted recently (Marrie et al., 1981).