Between air and water: the plunge dive of the Cape Gannet Morus capensis
Between air and water: the plunge dive of the Cape Gannet Morus capensis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-919x.2003.00250.x
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发表时间：
2003-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Y. Ropert‐Coudert;D. Grémillet;P. Ryan;A. Kato;Y. Naito;Y. Maho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Ropert‐Coudert;D. Grémillet;P. Ryan;A. Kato;Y. Naito;Y. Maho
在所有海洋掠食者中，塘鹅有着最壮观的捕食行为之一，它们可以从30米深的地方潜入水中，用锋利的喙捕食鱼类。然而，关于这种短暂行为的详细信息很少。在2002年1月和12月，我们监测了跳水的生物力学在25个自由放养的海角塘鹅桑capensis使用最近开发的，快速采样的加速度和深度记录仪。我们的数据首次详细描述了这种高度专业化的觅食技术。当塘鹅进入水中时，我们没有记录到或记录到非常低的减速，这突出了这种大鸟的显着流线型。鸟类利用它们的动量以2.87 m/s（sd = +1.53）的平均下降速率在水下行进，一旦到达所需深度（范围0.3-9.7 ml），它们就会主动制动。我们发现，有时使用的塘鹅要么他们的翅膀或脚的水下推进过程中的9.4%的潜水，在他们的深度剖面波动。在追逐猎物之后，鸟类在被动地滑翔回水面之前产生了向上的动力，利用它们的浮力以尽可能低的能量成本完成潜水。
Gannets have one of the most spectacular prey-capture behaviours of all marine predators, plummeting from up to 30 m into the water, where they seize fish with their razor-sharp beaks. However, there is little detailed information on this brief behaviour. In January and December 2002, we monitored the biomechanics of plunge diving in 25 free-ranging Cape Gannets Morus capensis using a recently developed, rapid-sampling acceleration and depth recorder. Our data provide the first detailed description of this highly specialized foraging technique. We recorded no or a very low deceleration when Gannets entered the water, which underlines the remarkable streamlining of this large bird. Birds use their momentum to travel underwater at an average descent rate of 2.87 m/s (sd = +1.53) before actively braking once they attain the desired depth (range 0.3-9.7 ml. We show that Gannets sometimes used either their wings or feet for underwater propulsion during the course of 9.4% of the dives that had undulations in their depth profiles. After chasing prey, birds developed an upward momentum before gliding passively back to the surface, making use of their buoyancy to complete the dive at the lowest possible energy cost.