Parallel cortical networks for volitional control of swallowing in humans
Parallel cortical networks for volitional control of swallowing in humans
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DOI：
10.1007/s002210100813
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发表时间：
2001-10-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Bereznaya, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mosier, K;Bereznaya, I
许多研究表明，平行网络参与了自愿顺序运动程序的控制。我们试图确定是否可以为复杂的、基于顺序的马达系统找到一个并行的网络组织，这些马达系统是自愿和自动控制过程的产物。具体地说，我们试图确定成人自愿重复吞咽的皮质组织方案是以分层双投影模型为特征，还是以组织成平行系统的模块为特征。我们利用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)研究了8名健康成人在正常吞咽任务中的皮质功能。受试者分别进行干(唾液)和团状(3毫升/团水)吞咽。吞咽任务中的激活定位于感觉运动区(M1、S1和SMA)、S2、运动前皮质、后顶叶皮质、扣带回、额下回、小脑、岛叶皮质、听觉皮质、胼胝体、基底节和丘脑。主成分分析(PCA)显示5个功能簇或模块：(1)感觉运动区和扣带回；(2)额下回、S2区、穹隆体区、基底节和丘脑；(3)运动前皮质和后顶叶皮质；(4)小脑；(5)岛叶。对这些区域之间的功能关系的分析表明，有两个平行的环路，由连接到小脑或岛叶的连接定义，并通过感觉运动-扣带回模块连接。路径分析被用来检验组织成平行环路的模块与分层双投影模型的假设，该分层双投影模型由从感觉运动皮质或岛到丘脑的两条单独的、单一的分层串联路径组成。这些结果支持模块组织成平行循环的模型(P=0.8)，但不支持分层双投影模型(P
A number of studies have demonstrated the involvement of parallel networks in the control of voluntary sequential motor procedures. We sought to determine whether a parallel network organization may be found for complex, sequentially based motor systems that are the product of both voluntary and automatic control processes. Specifically, we sought to determine whether the cortical organizational scheme for voluntary repetitive swallowing in adult humans is characterized by a hierarchical dual-projection model or by modules organized into parallel systems. We utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate cortical function during normal swallowing tasks in eight healthy human adults. Subjects performed both dry (saliva) and bolus (3 ml/bolus of water) swallows. Activation during swallowing tasks localized to sensorimotor areas (M1, S1, and SMA), S2, premotor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, the cerebellum, the insular cortex, auditory cortex, corpus callosum, and the basal ganglia and thalamus. Principal components analysis (PCA) of these regions revealed five functional clusters or modules: (1) sensorimotor areas and cingulate gyrus; (2) inferior frontal gyrus, S2, corpus callosum, basal ganglia and thalamus; (3) premotor cortex and posterior parietal cortex; (4) cerebellum; and (5) insula. Analysis of the functional relationship between these areas demonstrated two parallel loops defined by connections to either the cerebellum or insula and connected through the sensorimotor-cingulate, module. Path analysis was performed to test the hypothesis of modules organized into parallel loops versus a hierarchical dual-projection model consisting of two separate, singular hierarchical serial pathways from the sensorimotor cortex or insula to the thalamus. These results support the model of modules organized into parallel loops (P=0.8), but not the hierarchical dual-projection model (P