Comparative Studies: Japan and America

Comparative Studies: Japan and America
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比较研究:日本和美国

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发表时间:
1997
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通讯作者:
T. Beauchamp
T. Beauchamp
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作者:
T. Beauchamp

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今天,许多人认为世俗多元主义创造了一个所谓的后现代世界,在这个世界中,我们应该放弃过去对道德戒律普遍性的坚定信念(恩格尔哈特和威尔德斯,1994年,第136页;威尔德斯,1993年;恩格尔哈特,1986年,第39-103页,第366-79页)。然而,我坚持认为,一套普遍的伦理戒律无论在哪里被发现,都构成道德。我把这种共有的、普遍的信仰体系称为“狭义的道德”。从这个角度来看,日本和西方的基本道德规范并没有什么不同。当“道德”这个词只在狭义上使用时,谈论根本不同的道德是没有意义的——好像佛教道德、神道道德、犹太教道德和基督教道德是根本不同的。然而,不同的道德存在于我所说的“广义道德”中,我将在稍后讨论。广义上的道德承认由不同的哲学、宗教或文化承诺所产生的分歧甚至冲突的道德立场。
Many today believe that secular pluralism has created a so-called postmodern world in which we should give up our robust past beliefs in the universality of moral precepts (Engelhardt and Wildes, 1994, esp. p. 136; Wildes, 1993; Engelhardt, 1986, pp. 39–103, 366–79). I will maintain, however, that a body of general ethical precepts constitutes morality wherever it is found. I will call this shared, universal system of beliefs “morality in the narrow sense.” From this perspective, no difference exists in basic moral precepts between Japanese and Western morality. When the word “morality” is used exclusively in the narrow sense, it makes no sense to speak of fundamentally different moralities — as if Buddhist morality, Shinto morality, Jewish morality, and Christian morality were fundamentally different. However, different moralities are present in what I will call “morality in the broad sense,” as I will discuss shortly. Morality in the broad sense recognizes divergent and even conflicting moral positions created by different philosophical, religious, or cultural commitments.