Event-level positive and negative reinforcement risk factors for alcohol use: Moderation by individual-level alcohol consequences and post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity.
Event-level positive and negative reinforcement risk factors for alcohol use: Moderation by individual-level alcohol consequences and post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity.
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饮酒的事件级正向和负向强化风险因素：通过个人水平的酒精后果和创伤后应激障碍症状严重程度进行调节。
DOI：
10.1111/acer.15188
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kaysen,Debra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dyar,Christina;Kaysen,Debra
背景药物成瘾的多阶段模型假定，随着个体发展为酒精使用障碍，导致酒精使用改变的风险过程。然而，很少有研究在实验室之外或在事件层面上测试这一理论。我们的目的是确定积极强化（例如，积极影响，社交期望）和消极强化风险因素（例如，负面影响，减少紧张的预期）和同一天/第二天的酒精消费量变化作为一个人的酒精后果水平的函数。鉴于酒精使用升高的后果与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和中断奖励处理影响这一人群的个人之间，我们还测试了这些过程是否不同的基础上的存在和严重程度PTSD.MethodsWe使用的数据从30天的生态瞬时评估研究与174名本科妇女谁经常从事重情节饮酒。78%的样本经历过性侵犯和44%有当前PTSD.ResultsResults结果部分支持多阶段模型。事件水平的负强化风险因素只预测更多的酒精消费的个人谁经历了更多的酒精后果。正强化风险因素的研究结果与假设部分一致。总体而言，调查结果似乎在PTSD症状的严重程度类似的操作。ConclusionsResults表明，干预措施可能会受益于参加一个人的酒精水平的后果。例如，对于那些往往经历很少后果的人，预防性干预措施可能会从解决积极强化风险因素中获益更多，而对于经历更多后果的人，治疗干预措施可能会从积极和消极强化中受益。
BackgroundThe multistage model of drug addiction posits that risk processes contributing to alcohol use change as individuals develop alcohol use disorders. However, few studies have tested this theory outside of the lab or at the event-level. We aimed to determine whether event-level associations between positive reinforcement (e.g., positive affect, sociability expectancies) and negative reinforcement risk factors (e.g., negative affect, tension reduction expectancies) and same-/next-day alcohol consumption varied as a function of an individual’s level of alcohol consequences. Given elevated alcohol use consequences among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disruptions in reward processing affecting this population, we also tested whether these processes differed based on the presence and severity of PTSD.MethodsWe used data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study with 174 undergraduate women who regularly engaged in heavy episodic drinking. 78% of the sample had experienced sexual assault and 44% had current PTSD.ResultsResults partially supported the multistage model. Event-level negative reinforcement risk factors only predicted more alcohol consumption among individuals who experienced more alcohol consequences. Findings for positive reinforcement risk factors were partially consistent with hypotheses. Overall, findings appear to operate similarly across PTSD symptom severity.ConclusionsResults suggest interventions may benefit from attending to an individual’s level of alcohol consequences. For example, preventive interventions for those who tend to experience few consequences may benefit more from addressing positive reinforcement risk factors, while treatment interventions for individuals who experience more consequences may benefit from attending to both positive and negative reinforcement.