ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF AMINO ACID RACEMIZATION
ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF AMINO ACID RACEMIZATION
复制标题
氨基酸消旋化的考古学应用
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beverly J. Johnson;G. Miller
在过去的30年里，生物矿物化石中的氨基酸外消旋作用（AAR）已被用于在世界各地的考古环境中开发可靠的年表和热历史。它是随着时间和温度进行的生化反应，并且具有用于能够螯合氨基酸的任何材料（例如，鸟类蛋壳、软体动物、牙齿和骨头）。AAR本身不是一种数字定年方法;然而，它可以用于各种年代学和古温度应用。如果有一些独立的年龄控制，AIR可以用来扩展或改进年表，或重建一个地点的温度历史。AAR作为一种测年/古测温工具的使用在考古界一直没有得到充分的利用，这可能是由于在该技术首次发现后不久，对人类骨骼的研究出现了一系列错误。自这些早期研究以来，对AAR的持续探索已经证明了该技术在某些样本类型的年代学和古温度学研究中的日益强大的力量，以及与考古学家和人类学家相关的一些新应用。例如，可以使用AAR确定人类行为的相关信息，包括埋葬方式、火的使用以及现场的混合程度。本文介绍了AAR背后的基本原则和审查的技术，因为它已被应用于考古记录。AAR在一些生物矿物通常与考古遗址进行审查，并提出了样品采集的指导方针。最后，简要介绍了一些用于氨基酸分析的色谱技术。
Amino acid racemization (AAR) in fossil biominerals has been used over the last 30 years to develop reliable chronologies and thermal histories in archaeological settings from all over the world. It is a biochemical reaction which progresses with time and temperature, and has the potential to be used in any material capable of sequestering amino acids (e.g., avian eggshell, molluscs, teeth, and bones). AAR is not a numerical dating method, per se; however, it can be used for a variety of chronological and palaeotemperature applications. Provided there is some independent age control, AIR can be used to extend or to improve upon the chronology, or to reconstruct the temperature history at a site. The use of AAR as a dating/ palaeothermometry tool has been somewhat underutilized by the archaeological community, presumably due to a series of errors made on studies of human bone shortly after the technique was first discovered. Since these early studies, continued exploration of AAR has demonstrated the growing power of the technique for chronological and palaeothermometry research in certain sample types, as well as some novel applications pertinent to archaeologists and anthropologists. For example, relevant information on human behaviour, including burial practices, the use of fire, and the degree of mixing at a site, can be determined using AAR. This paper presents the basic principles behind AAR and a review of the technique as it has been applied to the archaeological record. AAR in some of the biominerals commonly associated with archaeological sites is reviewed, and guidelines for sample collection presented. Finally, a brief description of some of the chromatography techniques used for amino acid analysis is given.