Ambient air levels and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylenes in northwestern Italy
Ambient air levels and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylenes in northwestern Italy
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DOI：
10.1080/15287390306357
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发表时间：
2003-03-28
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gilli, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bono, R;Scursatone, E;Gilli, G
本研究的目的是测定意大利两个城市（比耶拉和都灵）不同交通强度下的苯、甲苯和二甲苯空气污染，并调查在过去20年中欧洲汽油组成的变化是否会导致新的环境条件。此外，三种类型的城市职业暴露（汽油泵服务员，交通警察和市政雇员）相同的碳氢化合物进行了比较，以验证三种不同的预期水平的曝光，结果显示在Biella交通密度和人类暴露于这些污染物的水平之间的直接关系。在交通量低的郊区，苯的空气浓度为2.3 mug/m3，在交通量高的中心区，苯的空气浓度为10.3 mug/m3。最近在都灵进行的趋势分析表明，通过采取与都灵相同的交通限制措施，有可能改善比耶拉中心区的情况。个人采样装置表明，只有汽油泵服务员显示，通过多变量分析，统计上显着较高的苯水平相比，其他两个专业类别，在冬季和夏季。在本研究中发现，汽油泵服务员的值约为1 mg/m（3）。通过采取预防措施，包括交通限制，减少汽油中的芳香族化学品含量，以及在加油站回收汽油蒸气，可以大大降低苯，甲苯和二甲苯的环境和职业暴露。
The purpose of this study was to determine benzene, toluene, and xylenes air pollution in two cities in Italy (Biella and Torino) having different traffic intensities and to investigate whether ne em ironmental conditions occurred consequent to the changes of gasoline composition in Europe during the last 20 yr. Furthermore, three types of urban occupational exposure (petrol pump attendants, traffic policemen, and municipal employees) to the same hydrocarbons were compared to verify three different expected levels of exposure, Results in Biella demonstrate a direct relationship between traffic density and level of human exposure to these pollutants. Air concentrations for benzene were 2.3 mug/m(3) in a suburban area having low traffic and 10.3 mug/m(3) in the central area having high traffic, The comparison to trend analysis recently carried out in Torino indicates it is possible to improve the situation in the central area of Biella by adopting the same traffic limitations imposed in Torino, Personal sampling devices demonstrated that only the petrol pump attendants show, by means of a multivariate analysis, statistically significant higher levels of benzene compared to the other two professional categories, in both winter and summer. Values found in the present study for petrol Pump attendants were around 1 mg/m(3). Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylenes could be largely lowered by adopting preventive measures including traffic restrictions, the reduction of aromatic chemical content in gasoline, and the recovery of gasoline vapors at petrol pump stations.