Journey-to-Crime by Gender and Age Group in Manchester, England
Journey-to-Crime by Gender and Age Group in Manchester, England
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-007-4997-9_7
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Levine;Patsy Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Levine;Patsy Lee
本研究探讨了旅行到犯罪旅行的性别和年龄组的罪犯谁犯下的罪行在英国曼彻斯特。2006年的数据是56 368名罪犯犯下的97 429起罪行，其中罪犯的居住地点和犯罪地点都是已知的。大约六分之一的犯罪是由妇女和青少年犯下的。分析显示，性别差异的犯罪旅行与年龄组，犯罪地点，共同犯罪者的存在和种族的相互作用。少年男性的平均行程长度最短，而成年男性最长。女性罪犯，无论是青少年还是成年人，犯罪行程的时间都是中等长度，但在主要商业中心犯罪的比例较高。大约四分之一的旅行是与共同犯罪者一起进行的，他们通常与犯罪者住得很近。负二项回归模型显示，多种因素影响了旅行到犯罪的距离，包括犯罪类型，犯罪者的年龄和种族，犯罪者的犯罪多产性，共同犯罪者的存在，以及犯罪发生的地点和土地使用。除商店行窃外，在控制这些因素后，女性罪犯平均比男性罪犯犯罪的距离更短。对于入店行窃，女性罪犯旅行的距离更长，因为这些犯罪的比例较高，在中央零售核心或在镇中心。结果表明，简单的概括犯罪旅行是可疑的。相反，犯罪旅行必须被理解为反映了犯罪类型、大都市结构特征、共犯的存在以及罪犯特征，特别是性别和年龄的相互作用。
This study examines journey-to-crime trips by gender and by age group for offenders who committed crimes in Manchester, England. The data are 97,429 crimes committed in 2006 by 56,368 offenders in which both the residence location of the offender and the crime location were known. Approximately one in six crimes was committed by women and by juveniles. The analysis showed gender differences in crime travel with interactions by age group, location of the crime, the presence of co-offenders, and ethnicity. Juvenile males had the shortest average trip lengths while adult males had the longest. Female offenders, both juveniles and adults, had crime trips of intermediate length but with a higher percentage being committed in major commercial centres. Around one-quarter of the trips were committed in conjunction with co-offenders, who generally lived quite close to the offender.A negative binomial regression model showed that multiple factors contribute to the journey-to-crime distance traveled including type of crime, age and ethnicity of the offender, crime prolificacy of the offender, presence of co-offenders, and location and land use where crimes occurred. Controlling for these factors, with the exception of shoplifting, female offenders traveled shorter distances in committing their crimes, on average, than male offenders. For shoplifting, female offenders traveled longer distances because a higher proportion of those crimes were committed in the central retail core or in town centres.The results indicate that simple generalisations about criminal travel are suspect. Instead, crime travel must be understood as reflecting the interaction of the type of crime, the characteristics of the metropolitan structure, the presence of accomplices, and offender characteristics, particularly gender and age.